Electrical Signal of which

amplitude changes
continuously with respect to
time with no breaks or
discontinuities

Analog Signals

Digital signal with four

level possible

Quaternary Signal

Any repetitive waveform that

is comprised of more than
one harmonically related sine
or cosine wave

Nonsinusoidal/Compl
ex Wave

Mathematical tool that allows

us to move back and forth
between the time and
frequency domain

Fourier
Series/Analysis

He developed Fourier
Series

Baron Jean Fourier

Is the integral multiple of

fundamental frequency

Harmonic

If a voltage waveform is
symmetric about vertical
axis, it said to have axes or
mirror and symmetry is
called

Even Function

The ratio of the active time of

the pulse to the period of the
waveform

Duty Cycle

The rate at which energy is

dissipated, delivered, or used
and is a function of the
square of the voltage or
current

Electrical Power

A Fourier transform where a

time domain signal is
sampled at discrete times

Discrete Fourier
Transform

A new algorithm of fourier

transform was developed by
Cooley and Tukey in 1965
where the computing time is
proportional nlog2n rather
than n2

Fast Fourier
Transform

The process of combining

two or more signal

Mixing

Occurs when two or more

signals combine in a linear
device such as passive
network or a small amplifier

Linear Summing

The sum and difference of

the two original
frequencies

Cross Products

Desired cross product

produce by mixing in a
non linear device

Modulation

An amplifier with a
feedback loop or path for
energy to propagate from
the output back to the
input.
Feedback

A self-sustaining oscillator
where the changes in the
waveform are continuous
and repetitive; they occur
at a periodic rate.
Free-running Oscillator

Free-running Oscillator

Oscillate

Are oscillators that are not

self-sustaining require an
external input signal or
trigger to produce a
change
in
the
output
Triggered or One-shot
waveform.
Oscillators

A device that produces

oscillations or generates
repetitive waveform.
Converts a dc input
voltage to an ac output
Oscillator
voltage.

A description of signal with

respect to its frequency.

Frequency Domain
Representation

A time-domain instrument
that shows signal
waveforms.
Oscilloscope

A signal that repeats at a

uniform rate.

Periodic Wave

The display on the

cathode ray tube (CRT)
that shows the shape and
instantaneous magnitude
of
the
signal
with
respect
Signal Waveform
to time.

A description of signal with

respect to time.

Time-domain
Representation

Waveform comprised of an
average dc component
and a series of
harmonically related sine
or
cosine
wave.
Periodic Waveform

If a periodic voltage
waveform is such that the
waveform for the first half
cycle repeats itself except
with the opposite sign for
the second half cycle, it is
half-wave
symmetry
said to have ________.

If a periodic voltage
waveform is symmetric
about a line midway
between the vertical axis
and the negative
horizontal
axis and
Odd function
passing through the

Is the first harmonic and is

equal to the frequency
(repetition rate) of the
waveform.
Fundamental Frequency

A fourier transform where

a time-domain signal is
sampled at discrete times.
Discrete Fourier
Transform

The ________ of a
waveform consists of all
the frequencies contained
in the waveform and their
frequency
spectrum
respective amplitudes
plotted in the frequency
domain.

The difference between

the highest and lowest
frequencies contained in
the information. It is also
the difference between
Bandwidth
of
an
information
the highest and lowest
signal
frequencies that the

Occurs when two or more

signals are combined in a
nonlinear device such as a
diode or large-signal
amplifier.
Non Linear mixing

Occurs when two or more

signals combine in a linear
device, such as a passive
network or a small-signal
amplifier. Also called
linear mixing.
Linear Summing

Undesired generation of
multiples or harmonics of
that frequency.
Harmonic Distortion

The generation of any

unwanted cross-product
frequency when two or
more frequencies are
Intermodulation
mixed
in a nonlinear
Distortion
device.

Desired generation of
multiples or harmonics of
that frequency.
Frequency
Multiplication