OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

OPTICAL RECEIVER BLOCK

DIAGRAM
Block Diagram of Optical Receiver :

 Detectors converts received optical signal into

an electrical signal.
Preamplifier Circuit amplify signal upto a
suitable level.
It ensures that the additional noise is kept to a
minimum in order to avoid distortion of the
received signal.
Main Amplifier provide additional low noise
amplification of the signal to give and increased
signal level for the other circuits.

 Equalizer is used for the compensate of

the distortion and to provide a suitable
signal shape for the filters
The functions of the Filters is to maximize
the received signal to noise ratio while
preserving the essentials features of the
signal

RECEIVER STRUCTURE
Optical detector is represented as a current
source idet
The noise sources (it, its and iamp)
Amplifier
Equalizer as a frequency shaping filter and
may also apply selective phase shifts to
particular frequency components

Full Equivalent Circuit of Optical Fiber

Receiver with Including Noise

Types of Configuration
There are three types of digital optical fiber
receiver structures:
1.Low impedance front end
2.High impedance front end
3.Trans impedance front end

Low Impedance Front End

Simplest and most common
Low impedance front end allows thermal noise to
dominate within the receiver which limits its
sensitivity
Impractical for long-haul, wideband optical fiber
communication systems.

Low Impedance Front End with

Voltage Amplifier

High Impedance Front End

High input impedance amplifier with large detector bias
resistor to reduce thermal noise.
The detector output is effectively integrated over a large
time constant and must be restored by differentiation. This
may be performed by the correct equalization at a later stage
and hence needs equalizer
Improvement in sensitivity over the low impedance front end
design, but creates a heavy demand for equalization and has
problems of limited dynamic range causes by the attenuation
of the low-frequency signal components by the equalization
process

High Impedance Front End with

Equalized Voltage Amplifier

Trans Impedance Front End

Overcomes the drawbacks of the high impedance front end by

utilizing a low noise, high input impedance amplifier with
negative feedback.

Operates as a current mode amplifier where the high input

impedance is reduced by negative feedback (vout = IpRL)

Provides a far greater bandwidth without equalization than

the high impedance front end.

Has a greater dynamic range.

Preferred for use in wideband optical fiber communication
receivers

Trans Impedance Front End

Decision Circuit
The Data Recovery section of optical Fiber consist of a Decision
circuit and a clock recovery circuit
The Purpose of the latter is to isolate a spectral component at f =
B from the received signal. This Component provide information
about the bit slot (T=1/B) to the decision circuit and help to
synchronize the decision process.
The Decision Circuit compares the output from the linear
channel to threshold level , at sampling times determined by the
clock recovery circuit and decides whether the signal
corresponds to bit 1 or bit 0
It can be determined from the eye diagram formed by
superposing 2-3 bit long electrical sequence in the bit stream on
top of each other