Major papers

The Courier is a newspaper published by

D. C. Thomson & Co. in Dundee, Scotland.

It had five daily editions for Dundee, Fife,
Perth and Angus. It was established in 1801
as the Dundee Courier & Argus. Like most
papers the entire front page was devoted
to classified advertisements; The Courier
was unusual in maintaining this format until
1992, before adopting the headline-news
format.

Seren Gomer was a Welsh language

periodical founded in 1814 by the
clergyman and writer
Joseph Harris (Gomer), the first Welshlanguage newspaper.
The Manchester Guardian was
founded in Manchester in 1821 by a
group of non-conformist businessmen.
Its most famous editor,
Charles Prestwich Scott, made the
Manchester Guardian into a worldfamous newspaper in the 1890s. It is

The Scotsman was launched[12] in 1817 as a

liberal weekly newspaper by lawyer

William Ritchie and customs official
Charles Maclaren in response to the
"unblushing subservience" of competing
newspapers to the Edinburgh
establishment. The paper was pledged to
"impartiality, firmness and independence".
Its modern editorial line is firmly antiindependence

The Chartist Northern Star, first published

on 26 May 1838, was a pioneer of popular

journalism but was very closely linked to
the fortunes of the movement and was out
of business by 1852. At the same time
there was the establishment of more
specialised periodicals and the first cheap
newspaper in the Daily Telegraph and
Courier (1855), later to be known simply as
the Daily Telegraph.

The Daily Telegraph was first published on

29 June 1855 and was owned by

Arthur Sleigh, who transferred it to
Joseph Levy the following year. Levy
produced it as the first penny newspaper in
London. His son, Edward Lawson soon
became editor, a post he held until 1885.

The Daily Telegraph became the organ of

the middle class and could claim the

largest circulation in the world in 1890. It
held a consistent Liberal Party allegiance
until opposing Gladstone's foreign policy in
1878 when it turned Unionist.[

The Illustrated London News, founded in

1842, was the world's first illustrated

weekly newspaper. Mason Jackson, its art
editor for thirty years, published in 1885
The Pictorial Press, a history of illustrated
newspapers. The Illustrated London News
was published weekly until 1971 when it
became monthly; bimonthly from 1989;
and then quarterly before publication
ceased.

The Western Mail was founded in Cardif in

1869[14] by
John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute
as a penny daily paper. It describes itself as
"the national newspaper of Wales"
(originally "the national newspaper of
Wales and Monmouthshire"), although it
has a very limited circulation in North Wale
s.

From 1860 until around 1910 is considered

a 'golden age' of newspaper publication,
with technical advances in printing and
communication combined with a
professionalization of journalism and the
prominence of new owners. Newspapers
became more partisan and there was the
rise of new or yellow journalism (see
William Thomas Stead). Socialist and labour
newspapers also proliferated and in 1912
the Daily Herald was launched as the first
daily newspaper of the trade union and
labour movement.

The Daily Mail was first published in 1896

by Lord Northclife, it became Britain's

second biggest-selling daily newspaper
after The Sun.[16] The Daily Mail was
Britain's first daily newspaper aimed at the
newly literate "lower-middle class market
resulting from mass education, combining a
low retail price with plenty of competitions,
prizes and promotional gimmicks

and the first British paper to sell a million

copies a day.[18] It was, from the outset, a

newspaper for women, being the first to
provide features especially for them,[19] and
is the only British newspaper whose
readership is more than 50 percent female,
at 53 percent.

The Morning Star was founded in 1930 as

the Daily Worker, organ of the

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). is
a left-wing British daily tabloid newspaper
with a focus on social and trade union
issues.

The Scottish Daily News was a

left-of-centre daily newspaper
published in Glasgow between 5 May
and 8 November 1975. It was hailed
as Britain's first worker-controlled,
mass-circulation daily, formed as a
workers' cooperative by 500 of the
1,846 [16] journalists, photographers,
engineers, and print workers who were
made redundant in April 1974 by
Beaverbrook Newspapers when the
Scottish Daily Express closed its

The Independent was first published on 7

October 1986. The paper was created at a
time of fundamental change and attracted
staf from the two Murdoch broadsheets
who had chosen not to move to the new
headquarters in Wapping. Launched with
the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and
challenging The Guardian for centre-left
readers, and The Times as a newspaper of
record, it reached a circulation of over
400,000 in 1989. Competing in a moribund
market, The Independent sparked a
general freshening of newspaper design as
well as a price war.