Tomislav Skrai, MA

Undergraduate
English Course for
MARINE
ENGINEERS
4th Semester
Essential reading:
SPINI, A., PRITCHARD, B, An English Textbook For Marine
Engineers 2, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2009.
LUZER, J., SPINI, A., Gramatika vjebenica engleskog
jezika za pomorce, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2003.

LESSON 6

CYLINDER HEAD AND VALVES

Lesson 6
Cylinder Head and Valves
KEY WORDS
cylinder head
cylinder cover
outer cylinder cover
cylinder cover-insert
valve
stud (n.)
firing loads
metallic joint
shim (n.)
borehole (n.)

- glava cilindra
- glava / poklopac cilindra
- vanjska glava cilindra (velika)[1]
- unutarnja glava (mala)
- ventil
- usadni vijak, "prunjer"
- optereenja izgaranja / ekspanzije
- metalni spoj / brtva
- podloka, "bajlaga"
- izvrtani / izbueni otvor

[1] Na starijim Sulzerima, danas veina motora ima 1 glavu.

Lesson 6
Cylinder Head and Valves
VALVES
starting v.
- uputni ventil, v. uputnog zraka
air starter / starting air v.
- ventil uputnog zraka
injector / fuel injection v.
- v. goriva, ubrizga
safety v. = relief v.
- sigurnosni, oduni ventil, "igureca"
indicator v.
- indikatorski v. / pipac
exhaust v.
- ispuni v.
air inlet v. = intake v. - usisni ventil

Lesson 6
Cylinder Head and Valves
tension (n.)
tension stud
clamp down
cylinder cover stud
with the aid of
sealing ring
control bore
in turn
sequence (n.)
bring down

- napon, napetost
- pritezni vijak
- pritegnuti, stisnuti
- vijak glave cilindra, "prunjer"
- uz pomo, pomou
- brtveni prsten
- kontrolni kanal / otvor
- naizmjenice, redom
- redoslijed, slijed
- sjesti, prilegnuti, spustiti (se)

Lesson 6
Cylinder Head and Valves
tightening (n.)
- stezanje
crosswise tightening - unakrsno stezanje
torque wrench
- moment-klju
stretch of a stud
- rastezanje / vlak vijka
nozzle (n.)
- mlaznica, sapnica
tangentially
- tangencionalno, pod kutem
inspection of the cooling water spaces
- pregled, nadzor
circumference (n.)
- obujam, opseg, periferija
via
- putem (e.g. Splitibenik via Boraja /
news via satellite)
conducting pipe
- provodna cijev
insert (n.)
- umetak
outlet pipe
- ispusna cijev

1. DEFINITION
Cylinder head is a casting that covers the top of a
cylinder
2. FUNCTION
to close tightly / seal off the top of cylinders.
to form the combustion chamber, together with
the piston crown or, in some cases, with the liner
itself.
to carry the injector and the valves

3. VALVES
All internal combustion engines (2- or 4-stroke) have:
an air starting valve which admits compressed air
into the cylinder for starting purposes;
a safety or relief valve is a spring loaded valve set
to a safe limit which releases excessive pressure;
an indicator cock which is used as a point of the
indicator mechanism attachment.

4-stroke engines have inlet and exhaust valves.

Spring loaded non-return

safety valve

Exercise 1 Name the parts of the

cylinder head:

4. STRESSES
High pressure and temperature due to combustion
5. REQUIREMENTS
Strong, sturdy construction / manufacture
Carefully cooled
6. COOLING
Is executed by F.W. circulation, as excessive
temperature may give rise to damage by cracking
7. MATERIAL
Cast or forged steel
Special cast iron

Cooling of the
cylinder head

Cooling of the
cylinder head

8. DESIGN not simple. It has valve bores and

passages.

o RND-M One piece steel block with cooling bores.

o B & W (K-GF Type) Two parts: outer cover and inner

o
o

insert. The head is a solid steel plate with radial cooling

water bores. The insert contains a bore for the exhaust
valve cage and mountings for fuel valves, a safety valve
and an indicator valve.
B & W (K-GF Type)
One piece of forged steel with
cooling water drillings.
Sulzer Z40
The double bottom water cooled
cylinder head made of special cast iron. It has two inlet
and two exhaust valves as well as a centrally arranged
fuel valve.

9. HEAD SECURING
By studs made of alloyed steel with close-pitch
thread.
The heads are held in place / held against the
cylinder liner top collar by:
studs screwed into the cylinder block
studs attached to the cylinder frame
studs tightened by hydraulic tools.

Studs are made of special steel

alloyed with 0.8% of carbon

Exercise 2 Answer the following

questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Name the valves that may be accommodated in the

cylinder head.
Are the cylinder heads fitted with inlet and exhaust
valves in all marine engines?
What is the purpose of the relief valve?
What is the function of the studs?
Why should the studs be tightened evenly?
How are the studs tightened?
What is the purpose of the control bore?
How can the injector be arranged?
What else does the cylinder head accommodate?