Psychrometric Basics

Psychrometric
Chart
Basics
Basic Concepts
Saturation Line
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA
210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury
200
190
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110
Staturation Line
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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com
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65
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR
150
Constant Dry Bulb Temperature

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
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150
Constant Humidity Ratio

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
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150

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
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150
Constant Relative Humidity

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
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190
180
170
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140
130
Constant Relative Humidity
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90
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150
Constant Specific Volume

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
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140
130
Constant Specific Volume
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Constant Wet Bulb Temperature

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
200
85
190
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80
150
Constant Web Bulb Temperature
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75
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100
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90
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160
Constant Enthalpy
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
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150
Constant Enthalpy
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160
Constant Enthalpy and Web Bulb

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
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200
85
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150
Constant Enthalpy
and
Constant Web Bulb
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Typical Chart With Enthalpy Lines

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
1.3

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1.2
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1.1
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.3
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DEW POINT - F
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-20
.1
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR
130
VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY
140
75
1.0
150
Typical Chart Without Enthalpy Lines

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
1.3

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1.1
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DEW POINT - F
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1.0
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State Point
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
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State Point
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Reading a Psychrometric Chart Practice
State Point
Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
State Point 70 F
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Dry Bulb
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State Point 60%
Wet-bulb
Sea Level Chart

Wet-bulb temperature = ? F
Wet-bulb
Wet-bulb
Sea Level Chart

Wet-bulb temperature = 61 F
Dew Point
Sea Level Chart

Dew point = ?
Dew Point
Dew Point
Dew Point
Sea Level Chart

Dew point = 55.5 F
Specific Volume
Sea Level Chart

Specific volume = ?
Specific Volume
Specific Volume
Sea Level Chart

Relative Humidity = 60%
Specific volume = 13.6 ft3 / lb dry air
Humidity Ratio
Sea Level Chart

Humidity ratio = ?
Humidity Ratio
Humidity Ratio
Sea Level Chart
Humidity ratio = 0.0094 lb water / lb dry air
or
7000 grains = 1 lb water
7000 x 0.0094 = 65.8
Enthalpy
Sea Level Chart

Enthalpy = ?
Enthalpy
Enthalpy
Sea Level Chart

Enthalpy = 27.0 Btu / lb dry air
Calculating Air Property Values
http://linricsoftw.web127.discountasp.net/webpsycalc.aspx
Sensible Heating
Raise Room Temperature 1 degree F

27.31 Btu/lb
27.06 Btu/lb
00.25 Btu/lb
Raise Room Temperature 1 degree F

Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Height (ft) = Volume (ft3)
Volume (ft3) / Specific Volume (ft3/lb) = Mass of Air (lb)
Mass of Air (lb) x Enthalpy Change (Btu/lb) = Heat Input (Btu)
Bedroom
12 x 12 x 8 = 1152 ft3
1152 / 14.02 = 82.17 lb
82.17 x 0.25 = 20.54 Btu
Heating System Example

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
1) Return Air 65 F and 60%

2) Supply Air 95 F and 22%
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1.2
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1.1
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.9
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.8
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.7
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.6
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140
Furnace
Expected
Result
1.0
150
supply air from furnace

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.2
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0
-20
.3
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DEW POINT - F
return air to furnace
.1

CHART
1) PSYCHROMETRIC
Return
65
Lexington,
Kentucky
USAF and 60%
2) Supply 95 F and 18%
Measured Values
210
1.3
200
85
190
How is this possible?
1.2
180
1.1
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120
110
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.4
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.3
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DEW POINT - F
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65
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.7
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30
70
2 supply air from furnace
.8
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.9
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140
1.0
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.2
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.1
Mixing Air Streams
Energy Balance
ma1
h1
w1
ma1 h1 + ma2 h2 = ma3 h3

ma3
h3
w3
ma2
h2
w2
Mass Balance
ma1 w 1 + ma2 w2 = ma3 w 3
By Algebra
h2 h3 = w 2 w 3 = ma1
h3 h1 w 3 w 1 ma2
Mixing Air Streams

Resulting mixture lies on the line between the
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
two state points.
210
1.3
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190
1.2
Mixing Two Equal Air Streams = the center of the line

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1.1
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D EW P OINT - F
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1.0
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-20
.1
EN TH ALPY - BT U PER P O UN D O F D RY AIR
140
75
80
VA PO R PR ESS UR E - IN C HE S O F M ER CU R Y
150
H U M IDIT Y RA TIO - G R A INS O F M O ISTU R E P ER PO U N D O F D R Y AIR
160

CHART
1) PSYCHROMETRIC
Return
65
Lexington,
Kentucky
USAF and 60%
2) Supply 95 F and 18%
Measured Values
210
1.3
200
85
190
How is this possible?
1.2
180
1.1
170
80
160
120
110
100
90
80
70
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
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.5
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.4
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95
100
105
110
115
120
.3
40
DEW POINT - F
10
65
50
20
.7
60
30
70
2 supply air from furnace
.8
130
.9
75
140
1.0
150
35
.2
30
25
20
10
0
-20
.1
Cooling
Cooling Systems
Cooling Systems
Solving the General Equations

for Air Conditioning
Total Heat
q = (cfm) (4.5) (h)
q = Btuh
h = enthalpy, Btu per lb dry air
Sensible Heat
q = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
t = temperature F
Latent Heat
q = (cfm) (4840) (w)
w = humidity ratio, lb water per lb dry air
Solving the General Equations

for Air Conditioning - Sources of Error
Sensible Heat
q (Btuh) = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
(t) = q (Btuh)
(cfm) (1.08)
cfm lower - (t) higher
cfm higher - (t) lower
q lower - (t) lower
q higher - (t) higher
Standard Operation of an Air Conditioner
12,000 Btuh / ton

400 cfm /ton
Sensible heat fraction = 0.70
Latent heat fraction = 0.30

Total Heat
q = (cfm) (4.5) (h)
12,000 = (400) (4.5) (h)
(h) = 27.3 Btu / lb dry air
Sensible Heat
q = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
12,000 (0.7) = (400) (1.08) (t)
(t) = 19 F
Latent Heat
q = (cfm) (4840) (w)
12,000 (.3) = (400) (4840) (w)
(w) = 0.002 lb water / lb dry air
Operation of an Air Conditioner
What if humidity ratio of return air

equals the humidity ratio of the
supply air?
Air Conditioner Example
0.002
0.002
0.002
19 F
Evaporative Cooling
180
Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Lexington KY
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Human Comfort Zones
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Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Phoenix, AZ
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Crawl Space Conditions

Example
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Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Lexington KY
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Psychrometric Basics

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Psychrometric

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Humidity Ratio

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Humidity Ratio

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Humidity Ratio

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Humidity Ratio

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Relative Humidity

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Relative Humidity

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Specific Volume

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Specific Volume

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Wet Bulb Temperature

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Constant Web Bulb Temperature

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Enthalpy and Web Bulb

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Typical Chart With Enthalpy Lines

Lexington, Kentucky USA

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Typical Chart Without Enthalpy Lines

Lexington, Kentucky USA

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR