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Theory
BY:
BRITTANY A. LIM
ALYSSA I. MALONZO
ANN NICOLE R. MANAHAN
Alyssa I. Malonzo
person is constantly being motivated by one need or another, and that people have
the potential to grow toward psychological health (self-actualization)
o Self-actualization- highest level of development
was called third force in psychology
Accepted some tenets of behaviorism and psychoanalysis
Criticized both behaviorism and psychoanalysis
Believed that humans have higher nature than either psychoanalysis and
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regarding motivation
o
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STRUCTURE
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STRUCTURE
Alyssa I. Malonzo
STRUCTURE
Maslows hierarchy of needs states that all lower level needs must be satisfied or
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PROCESS
Physiological Needs:
o
o
o
o
They are the ONLY NEEDS that can be completely or overly satisfied
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PROCESS
Safety Needs:
o
o
o
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PROCESS
o
Children are more often motivated by safety needs because they live with threats
like darkness, animals, strangers, and punishments from parents
Adults can also have this feeling of being relatively unsafe because they retain
irrational fears from childhood that cause them to act as if they were afraid of
parental punishment causing them to suffer basic anxiety
basic anxiety- feeling anxious and tense when needs are not satisfied
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PROCESS
Love and Belongingness Needs:
o
o
after satisfying physiological and safety needs, love and belongingness follow
it is a desire for friendship; a wish for a mate and children; the need to belong to a
family or group
Include some aspect about sex and human contact as well as the need to receive
and give love
3 categories:
need for love is satisfied: develops confidence and is not devastated when denied of love
need for love is not satisfied: incapable of giving love, devalue love and take its absence for
granted
received love in small amounts: develop strong motivation to seek love
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PROCESS
o
Children needs love, and they satisfy this need in a straightforward and direct
manner
Adults need love and acceptance too, but they disguise it cleverly by showing
other people aloofness or adopting cynical, cold, and calloused manner in
interpersonal relations
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PROCESS
Esteem Needs:
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PROCESS
Self-actualization Needs:
o
o
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PROCESS
o
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PROCESS
In addition to the five conative needs, Maslow identified three more categories
o
o
o
Aesthetic Needs
Cognitive Needs
Neurotic Needs
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PROCESS
Aesthetic Need
o
People with strong aesthetic need desire orderly and beautiful surroundings
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PROCESS
Cognitive Need
o
Knowledge is necessary to satisfy all the five conative needs, and blocking cognitive
needs becomes a threat to Maslows hierarchy of needs
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PROCESS
Neurotic Need
o
Perpetuate unhealthy style of life and have no value in striving for self-actualization
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reversed
For some, the drive for creativity (self-actualization) may precede over safety and
physiological needs
Reversals are usually more apparent than real, and some seemingly obvious
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Unmotivated Behavior
Although all behaviors have a cause, some behaviors are not motivated
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Coping Behavior
unmotivated
motivated
frequently unconscious
conscious; effortful
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Deprivation of Needs
Lack of satisfaction of any basic need would lead to some kind of pathology
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Preventing a person from achieving his/her instinctoid need leads to pathology. Frustration of non-instinctoid need
does not.
2.
Instinctoid needs are persistent and its satisfaction leads to psychological health while non-instinctoid needs are
3.
4.
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Self-Actualization
involves the individuals desire to develop his abilities to the fullest
potential
self-actualizing individuals fulfill their needs to grow, to develop, and to
B-values
being values
state of growth or being toward which self-actualizers evolve
indicators of psychological health and are opposed with deficiency needs
metaneeds
uniqueness
totality
goodness
perfection
effortlessness
beauty
completion
humor
wholeness
justice
autonomy
aliveness
simplicity
Ann Nicole R. Manahan
Metamotivation
also called B-motivation
motivation of self-actualizers which involves maximizing personal potential rather
D-Motivation
Metamotivation
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
1. More Efficient Perception of Reality
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
2. Acceptance of Self, Others, and Nature
can tolerate weaknesses, and are not threatened by the strengths of others
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
3. Spontaneity, Simplicity, and Naturalness
live simple lives in the sense that they dont need to a complex cover in order to
deceive the world
unpretentious and not afraid or ashamed to express joy, awe, elation, sorrow and
anger
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
4. Problem-Centering
task-oriented
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
5. The Need for Privacy
satisfied with their love and belongingness needs thats why they have
no desperate need to be surrounded by people
self-movers
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
6.
Autonomy
depend on themselves for growth even though at some time in their past they had
to have received love and security from others
Autonomy can be only achieved only through satisfactory relations with others
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
7.
keenly aware of their good physical health, friends and loved ones, economic
security and political freedom
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
8. The Peak Experience
a moment of intense ecstasy similar to a mystical experience during which the self
is transcended
feel passive, receptive, more desirous of listening and more capable of hearing
feel more responsible for their activities and perceptions, more active and more
self-determined
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
9.
Gemeinschaftsgefhl
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
10.
special quality of interpersonal relations that involves deep and profound feeling
for individuals
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
11. Democratic Character Structure
friendly and considerate of with other people regardless of class, color, age, gender
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
12.
clear sense of right and wrong conduct and have little conflict about basic values
set their sights on ends rather than means and have an unusual ability to
distinguish between the two
experience joy in the means of doing something and not just in terms of the end
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
13.
situation-dependent
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing
People
14.
Creativeness
autonomous, following their own standards of conduct and not blindly obeying
the rules of others
Ann Nicole R. Manahan
Psychopathology
BRITTANY A. LIM
Psychopathology
The deprivation of each need can lead to pathology.
For the Physiological needs , if these requirements are not met, the
human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail.
- can lead to malnutrition, fatigue, obsession with sex
For the Safety needs, in its absence due to war, natural disaster,family
violence, childhood abuse, etc. - people may
(re-)experienceposttraumatic stress disorder or transgenerational trauma.
- anxiety, fear, insecurity and dread
Brittany A. Lim
Psychopathology
For the Love and Belongingness needs deficiencies due to neglect,
shunning, ostracism, etc. can impact the individuals ability to maintain or
form emotionally significant relationships such as, friendship, intimacy
and family
- defensive, overly aggressive, or timid
For the Esteem needs- imbalances from this level results to having a low
self-esteem or aninferiority complex
- self depreciation and lack of confidence
Brittany A. Lim
Psychopathology
For the Self-Actualization needs it is the failure to acquire the metaneeds (BValues)
Metaneeds are the being needs. Failure to satify them, thought Maslow, is
harmful just as the failure to satisfy the lower needs. Frustration of metaneeds
produces metapathology.
When people do not feel metamotivation Maslow used this term to describe
the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive
for constant betterment.
Brittany A. Lim
Psychopathology
Failure to satisfy B- Values
Metapathology
Goodness Hatred, repulsion, disgust, reliance only upon self and for self
Psychopathology
Psychopathology
Metapathology is the thwarting of self-development related to failure to
Brittany A. Lim
Psychopathology
Any dilemma or challenge faced by an individual may trigger reactions
related to the "Jonah Complex". These challenges may vary in degree and
intensity. Such challenges may include career changes, beginning new
stages in life, moving to new locations, interviews or auditions, and
undertaking new interpersonal commitments such asmarriage. Other
causes include:
Fear of the sense of responsibility that often attends recognizing our own
greatness, talents, potentials
Fear that an extraordinary life would be out of the ordinary, and hence
not acceptable to others
Fear of seeming arrogant, self-centered, etc.
Difficulty envisioning oneself as a prominent or authoritative figure
Maslows own life story demonstrated his Jonah Complex
Brittany A. Lim
Psychotherapy
Brittany A. Lim
Self- Actualization
Workplace
Maslows heirarchy of needs has become a major concept for
industrial-organization psychologists.
Gender
Education
Evaluation
The ability to generate new research a little above average
Organization- Consistent with common sense
Excellent flexibility
Falsifiability low
Guides Action highly useful
Internally consistent
Parsimonious - moderate
Brittany A. Lim
Concept of Humanity
Pessimism VS Optimism
Causality VS Teleology
Uniqueness VS Similarities
Brittany A. Lim
End