Larissa Menezes

Jeremy Rawkins
Patway 3
Feb. 12th 2016

Sea Level Rise

Problem and
Solutions Implanted
in Netherland

Outline
Introduction - Climate Change
Problem Sea Level Rise
Solutions Implanted in Netherlands
Barrier

Floating Development
Coastal Armoring
Evaluation
Conclusion
Work Cited

Introduction Climate Change

Emissions of Greenhouse gases by human activity is causing
profound change to the climate change system world (Dow and
21);
Downing
A hole in the Ozone
layer over the
southern polar region
has altered weather
circulation (Dow and
Downing 24);
With the melting of
the ice, may increase
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
and Methane (CH4)
(Dow and Downing
25);

Carbon Dioxide Causes Global Warming. Clean Energy Now. n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016

Introduction Climate Change

The levels of concentrations rise from 378 ppm (Parts Per
Million) in 2005 to 397.66 ppm in 2014 (NASA);
Cumulative CO2 Emissions
from Fossil Fuel
(1950 2007)
Country

Graphic: Carbon Dioxide Concentration. NASA. n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016.

Tonnes of CO2

USA

242,060 Million

Europe

242,060 Million

China

102,410 Million

Japan

46,550 Million

South America

27,930 Million

Canada

18,620 Million

Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate

Change. Los Angeles: University of California Press,
2011. Print.

Problem Sea Level Rise

It's a problem a result of climate change, interfering in different
aspects in the globe;

Infographic: Sea level rise. NASA. n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016.

Problem Sea Level Rise

Thermal expansion of oceans and melting ice leads to rising sea
levels (Dow and Downing 68);

Infographic: Sea level rise. NASA. n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016.

Problem Sea Level Rise

Even if the greenhouse gas
emissions are radically
reduced, the sea level will
continue to rise for centuries
(Dow and Downing 68);

Impacts of changing sea level

(Pugh 171):
Flooding
Coastal Erosion
Saltwater intrusion
Washington State Federal Aid for December 2015 Floods Announced. Flood List. Feb. 04th 2016. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Solutions Implanted in Netherlands

The low lying Netherlands has
been fighting back water for
more than 1,000 years
(McVeigh);
60% of the country is
vulnerable to floating
(McVeigh);
Almost haft of the populations
lives below sea level (McVeigh);
The country had to create
solutions to mitigate the

Geography in the News: Polder Salvation. National Geographic. May. 05th 2015. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Solutions Implanted in Netherlands

Is a large barrier, gate, or lock or a
Barrier
series of them, that manages tidal
flows in and out of rivers, bays or
oceans (SPUR);
Positive Points (SPUR):
Protect large area in a single sweep;
Protect everyone, and therefore have no
social equity issues;

Negative Points (SPUR):

Expensive to construct;
Ecologically damaging;
Climate Proofing the Netherlands (and Saving Architecture). Infranetlab. Jan. 24 th 2009. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.
Worlds largest 5-turbine tidal array installed in the Oosterschelde barrier, The Netherlands . Hydro World. Sep. 30th 2015. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Solutions Implanted in Netherlands

Floating Development
Structures that float on surface of
the water, or may be floated
during flood (SPUR);
Positive Points (SPUR):
Very resilient to seismic activity;
Manages the uncertainty of high tides
and earthquakes;

Negative Points (SPUR):

Work only in protected areas;
Do not work well in places subject to
wind and waves like ocean coastline;

Strategies for Managing Sea Level Rise. SPUR. Nov. 01st 2009. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Solutions Implanted in Netherlands

Coastal Armoring
Linear protection, such as levees and
seawalls, that fix the shore line in it
current place (SPUR);
Positive Points (SPUR):
Oldest flood protection tool;
Can be combine with others methods;
Can be used against both storm surge and
sea level rise;

Negative Points (SPUR):

Short term solution;
Annual maintenance and regular monitoring
to ensure it remains safe;
Strategies for Managing Sea Level Rise. SPUR. Nov. 01st 2009. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Evaluation
Do not have the best solution to
the current problem;
All methods together could be
use to remediate the sea level
rise problem;
Each locations have to be
analyze and the best solutions
have to be implemented to
mitigate the actions of this
problem;

Davenport, Coral. Rising Seas. The New York Times. n.d. Web. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

New Orleans After Katrina. Better Cities & Towns. n.d. Web. Feb. 08th 2016.

Conclusion
These solutions is just methods to live with this problem;

The Climate Change is the real treat to all people in the world
and the one who countries need to fight against;

Just mitigate the problem arising from the Climate Change is

not the better actions;

Work Cited
Carbon Dioxide Causes Global Warming. Clean Energy Now.
n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016.
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate
Change. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011.
Print. Feb. 07th 2016.
Graphic: Carbon Dioxide Concentration. NASA. n.d. Web. Feb.
10th 2016.
Infographic: Sea level rise. NASA. n.d. Web. Feb. 10th 2016.
McVeigh, Tracy. The Dutch Solution to Floods: Live with Water,
Don't Fight It. The Guardian, Feb. 16th 2014. Web. Feb. 07th
2016.
Pugh, David. Changing Sea Level. Effects of Tides, Weather
and Climate. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2004.
Print. Feb. 07th 2016.