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Database:
Data Management
Without data and the ability to process the data:
An organization could not successfully complete
most business activities
Byte:
Typically made up of eight bits
Character:
Basic building block of information
Field:
Name, number, or combination of characters that
describes an aspect of a business object or activity
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
File:
Collection of related records
Database:
Collection of integrated and related files
Hierarchy of data:
Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases
Attribute:
Characteristic of an entity
Data item:
Specific value of an attribute
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Primary key:
Field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the
record
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Data Center
Climate-controlled building or set of buildings that:
Houses database servers and the systems that
deliver mission-critical information and services
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Data Modeling
Building a database requires two types of designs:
Logical design:
Abstract model of how data should be structured and
arranged to meet an organizations information needs
Physical design:
Starts from the logical database design and fine-tunes
it for performance and cost considerations
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Projecting:
Eliminates columns in a table
Joining:
Combines two or more tables
Linking:
Manipulating two or more tables that share at least
one common data attribute
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Single user:
Only one person can use the database at a time
Examples: Access, FileMaker Pro, and InfoPath
Multiple users:
Allow dozens or hundreds of people to access the
same database system at the same time
Examples: Oracle, Sybase, and IBM
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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DBMS:
Can reference a schema to find where to access the
requested data in relation to another piece of data
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Data dictionary:
Detailed description of all the data used in the
database
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Concurrency control:
Method of dealing with a situation in which two or
more users or applications need to access the same
record at the same time
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Database Administration
DBA:
Works with users to decide the content of the
database
Works with programmers as they build applications
to ensure that their programs comply with database
management system standards and conventions
Data administrator:
Responsible for defining and implementing
consistent principles for a variety of data issues
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Morphbank (www.morphbank.net):
Allows researchers to continually update and expand
a library of over 96,000 biological images
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Database size
Database cost
Concurrent users
Performance
Integration
Vendor
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Database Applications
Todays database applications manipulate the
content of a database to produce useful information
Common manipulations:
Searching, filtering, synthesizing, and assimilating
data contained in a database using a number of
database applications
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Data mart:
Subset of a data warehouse
Data mining:
Information-analysis tool that involves the automated
discovery of patterns and relationships in a data
warehouse
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Business Intelligence
Involves gathering enough of the right information:
In a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it
to have a positive impact on business strategy,
tactics, or operations
Competitive intelligence:
Limited to information about competitors and the
ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and
operations
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Distributed Databases
Distributed database:
Database in which the data may be spread across
several smaller databases connected via
telecommunications devices
Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases
are organized and used
Replicated database:
Holds a duplicate set of frequently used data
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Object-Relational Database
Management Systems
Object-oriented database:
Stores both data and its processing instructions
Uses an object-oriented database management
system (OODBMS) to provide a user interface and
connections to other programs
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Summary
Data:
One of the most valuable resources that a firm
possesses
Entity:
Generalized class of objects for which data is
collected, stored, and maintained
Relational model:
Places data in two-dimensional tables
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Summary (continued)
DBMS:
Group of programs used as an interface between a
database and its users and other application
programs
Basic functions:
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Summary (continued)
Data warehouses:
Relational database management systems
specifically designed to support management
decision making
Data mining:
Automated discovery of patterns and relationships in
a data warehouse
Business intelligence:
Process of getting enough of the right information in
a timely manner and usable form
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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