SISTEM TRANSPORTASI MAKRO

Transportasi yang Bagaimana yang Sesuai untuk Di Indonesia?

Transportasi yang Bagaimana yang Sesuai untuk Di Indonesia?

PENDAHULUAN - ILUSTRASI
ANALISYS OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM

ANALISIS

TRANSPORTASI KEBUTUHAN TURUNAN

(DERIVED DEMAND)
TO TRANSPORT = MENGANGKUT/MEMINDAHKAN
MENGANGKUT/MEMINDAHKAN MENGAKIBATKAN ADANYA
PERGERAKAN (TRIP), APAKAH DILAKUKAN DENGAN BERJALAN
KAKI ATAU MENGGUNAKAN SARANA & PRASARANA
(TRANSPORTASI).
PERGERAKAN (TRIP) TERJADI KARENA ADANYA PERBEDAAN
FUNGSI RUANG DAN KEBUTUHAN YANG TERSEBAR DALAM
RUANG DAN WAKTU TERTENTU. PERGERAKAN UNTUK
MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN TERSEBUT MENGGUNAKAN ALAT
TRANSPORTASI.
JADI: TRANSPORTASI ADALAH KEBUTUHAN TURUNAN
(DERIVED DEMAND) DARI KEBUTUHAN EKONOMI, SOSIAL DAN
BUDAYA MASYARAKAT.

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THE SCOPE OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

KNOWLEDGE
EXPERIENCES
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+ INFORMATIVE
+ EXPERIENCE

+ REACTIVE/PRO
ACTIVE/DYNAMIC
+ PROBLEM SOLVING

FUTURE

PRESENT

PAST

KEBIJAKAN MANAJERIAL STRATEGIS

MEMPERTIMBANGKAN 3 DEMENSI WAKTU

+ ANTICIPATED
STRATEGIC PLANNING
( RENCANA STRATEGIS)

POTENSI

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CAKUPAN INTERDISIPLINER &

TEKNIK TRANSPORTASI

Sistem
Transportasi

(Sumber: KHISTY, 1981)

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GRID EKISTIK (BELL & TYRWHITT, 1972

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CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

MULTIMODAL
(AIR, LAND, MARINE) BOTH
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT

MULTIPROBLEM
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY

MULTISECTORAL
GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE
INDUSTRY AND PUBLIC

MULTIDISCIPLINARY

THE PLANNING OF REGIONAL SYSTEM

ENGINEERING

LOCATION AND DESIGN OF SPESIFIC

FACILITIES

ECONOMICS

OPERATIONAL ISSUES OF EXISTING

FASILITIES
CARRIER MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND
RUGULATORY, INSTITUTIONAL AND
FINANCIAL POLICIES

OPERATION RESEARCH
SOCIAL SCIENCE
MANAGEMENT AND
LAW

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CAREERS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS (1)

A) APPLICATION SPECIALTIES

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
FLIGHT TRANSPORTATION
MARINE TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
DEVELOPING COUNTRY TRANSPORTATION
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
PORT DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
AIRPORT PLANNING
TRANSIT OPERATIONS
TRUCKING
TRANSPORTATION REGULATION
TRANSPORTATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS
NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICY
TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
AND OTHERS

(2 3) kali
pertemuan

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CAREERS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS (2)

B)

METHODOLOGICAL SPECIALTIES
DEMAND
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
POLICY ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMETATION
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE STRATEGIES
URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM ANALYSIS METHODS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ECONOMICS
ACTIVITY SISTEMS ANALYSIS
AND OTHERS

(1 2) kali
pertemuan

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TUGAS 1: INTERRELATION OF
TRANSPORTATION AND ACTIVITY SYSTEM

(T)

(F)

(A)
2
SUMBER: MARVIN L. MANHEIM, 1979
FONDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALISYS

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THE CHALANGE OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS (1)
A WORLD OF CHANGE
1. CHANGE IN THE DEMAND OF TRANSPORTATION
+ AS THE POPULATION, INCOME, LAND USE PATTERN OF METROPOLITAN
AREAS AND STATES CHANGE SO DO THE PATTERNS OF DEMAND FOR
TRANSPORTATION BOTH THE AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIRES
AND THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THAT DEMAND.

2. CHANGE IN TECHNOLOGY
+ A FEW YEARS AGO ALTERNATIVE HIGHWAY AND RAPID RAIL TRANSIT
NOW ABLE TO CONSIDER SUCH ALTERNATIVES AS LANES OR EVEN WHOLE
EXPRESWAYS RESTRICTED TO BUSES; BASICALLY NEW TECHNOLOGIES
SUCH AS DUAL MODE SYSTEM, IN WHICH VEHICLES OPERATE UNDER
INDIVIDUAL CONTROL ON LOCAL STREETS AND AUTOMATICALLY ON
TRACKED INTER URBAN GUIDESWAYS;
+ FREIGHT CONTAINERIZATIO, JUMBO JET AIRCRAFT, VERTICAL OR SHORT
TAKEOFF AND LANDING (V/STOL) AIR CRAFT AND AIR CUSHION VEHICLES
FOR WATER AND LAND TRANSPORT.

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THE CHALANGE OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS (2)
3. CHANGE IN THE VALUES
+ MANY DIFFERENTS GROUP ARE AFFECTED BY DICISION MADE
ABOUT TRANSPORTATION IT IS SUFFICIENT TO DESIGN
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SIMPLY TO SERVE THE USERS IN
SOME AGGREGATE SENSE.
+ CONCERNED WITH THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
OF TRANSPORTATION (AIR POLLUTION, NOICE POLLUTION
COMMUNITY DISRUPTION, AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECT ARE GIVEN
INCREASING WEIGHT IN TRANSPORTATIONDECISION MAKING.

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TRANSPORTATION OPTION (1)

1)

TECHNOLOGY
+ CONTAINER SHIPS
+ PIGGYBACK TRUCK
+ RAIL CARS
+ SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT
+ NEW URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION CONCEPT (DUALMODE, DIAL A RIDE)

2)

NET WORK
+ GRID SYSTEM
+ RADIAL LINK
+ CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

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TRANSPORTATION OPTION (2)

3)

LINK CHARACTERICTICS
NETWORKS CONSIST OF LINKS AND NODES
LINK :
+ HIGHWAYS
+ RAIL LINES
+ URBAN STREETS
AFFECT
NODE :
FLOW
+ AIR PORT
+ RAIL TERMINAL/STATION
+ BUS STOP

4)

+ NUMBER OF LANES
+ GRADE AND CURVE
OF HIGHWAY
+ TYPE OF SIGNALLING
AND TRAFFIC CONTROL
+ INTERNAL LAY OUT
OF TERMINAL
+ ETC.

VEHICLES
MOST TRANSPORTATION MODES INVOLVE VEHICLES (EXCEPTION:
PIPELINES AND CONVEYOR).
+ THE MAJOR OPTION INCLUDE THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES IN THE
SYSTEM AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS.

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TRANSPORTATION OPTION (3)

5)

SYSTEM OPERATING POLICIES

THIS SET OF OPTION INCLUDES THE FULL SPECTRUM OF DECISION
ABOUT HOW THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IS OPERATED.

6)

ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES
THIS SET OF OPTION INCLUDES A WIDE VARIETY OF MANAGEMENT,
ORGANIZATIONAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL DECISIONS.

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INTERVENING IN THE SYSTEM

THE GOVERNMENT
DECISION ON TAXES AND SUBSIDIES

TRAVEL
DEMAND

THE OPERATOR

THE U S E R

FACILITIES OR SERVICES (ROUTE,

SCHEDULES, PRICES TO BE
CHARGED, SERVICES
OFFERED/VEHICLE QUANTITIES IN
THE FLEET)

MAKE DECISION ABAOUT:

WHEN, WHERE, HOW AND
WHETHER TO TRAVEL

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TRANSPORTATION IMPACT
1)

USER IMPACT

2)

OPERATOR IMPACT

3)

PHYSICAL IMPACT

4)

INSTITUTIONAL IMPACT

5)

GOVERNMENTAL IMPACT

2 3 kali
pertemuan

SUMBER: MARVIN L. MANHEIM, 1979

FONDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALISYS

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THE NEED FOR STRATEGIC

URBAN TRANSPORTATION OPTION (1)

Strategic urban transport policy refer to the

foundation of mobility in our society (McShane,1984).
They try to cope with externalities by changing the
basic causes of social cost. Various options can be
envisaged in this respect (Bendixon,1977 and Meyer
and Gomez-Ibanez,1981).
Example:
+ Change in location (e.g., spatial position of housing and
labor markets)
+ Change in transport mode (e.g., toward bicycles)
+ New infrastructures (e.g., underground urban tunnels)
+ A strongly selective and refined car use (e.g., an urban
quota system for car)
+ Car-less city (still to be designed)

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THE NEED FOR STRATEGIC

URBAN TRANSPORTATION OPTION (2)

Each of this option may be judged on the basis of

various strategic policy criteria. As an illustration, the
so called pentagon will be used, which judges the
feasibility of new transport option from five angles
(see figure bellow).
+ Hardware refer to a satisfactory and modern infrastructure
provisions;
+ Software refer to the use of modern telecommunications and
informatics;
+ Orgware is related to effective management and coordination of
new transport system;
+ Finware refer to the financial aspects (in term of cost and
financing);
+ Ecoware is related to the environmental implications of new
transport system.

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PENTAGON OF STRATEGIC
FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION OPTION
ECOWARE

FINWARE

HARDWARE

ORGWARE

SOFTWARE

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