INTRODUCTION TO

PRODUCTION
PLANNING & CONTROL

Tujuan Belajar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Paham fungsi dan ruang lingkup PPIC

Mengerti sistem produksi
Mampu identifikasi product positioning
strategy, process positioning strategy & type
of layout
Mengerti interaksi PPIC dengan bagian lain
dalam industri
Paham proses PPIC
Mengerti fungsi peramalan dalam perencanaan
produksi dan persediaan
Mengetahui model-model peramalan
Paham faktor yang berpengaruh dalam
pemilihan model peramalan
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Production Planning &

Control

Production Planning
The activity of determining what is to
be produced, what quantity is to be
produced, when is to be produced and
what resources are to be used
Production Control
The activity of determining whether
resources have been produced and
production carried out in accordance
with plan and, where this is not the
case, taking corrective action
3

Inventory Planning &

Control
Inventory Planning
The activity of determining what to order, when
to order, how much to order and which suppliers
are to be selected
Inventory Control
The activities and techniques of maintaining the
stock of items at desired level, whether they be
raw materials, WIP or finished products.
Production Planning & Inventory Control
The function of directing or regulating the
movement of goods through the entire
manufacturing cycle from the requisitioning of
raw materials to the delivery of the finished
products
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Elements of Production Planning

and Inventory Control (PPIC)

Fungsi PPIC (1/3)

Perencanaan Produksi
Persiapan pabrik untuk perencanaan agregat
Perencanaan produksi dan pembelian komponen dan bahan
baku
Penjadwalan proses suatu pesanan pada mesin (work
center)
Penjadwalan penyelesaian pesanan tertentu
Penentuan tanggal penyelesaian pesanan sebagai janji
kepada konsumen
Perencanaan Inventori
Persiapan pabrik untuk persediaan bahan baku, WIP dan
produk akhir pada tingkat perencanaan produksi agregat
Perencanaan persediaan untuk jenis produk individu a.l.: lot
sizes, lead time, tingkat pelayanan
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Fungsi PPIC (2/3)

Perencanaan Kapasitas
Perencanaan kapasitas jangka pendek,
menengah dan jangka panjang termasuk
kebutuhan fasilitas dan peralatan,
penambahan dan PHK karyawan, lembur atau
subkontrak.
Autorisasi produksi dan pembelian
Autorisasi produksi pada Continuous
manufacturer.
Autorisasi pembelian bahan baku dan
komponen.
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Fungsi PPIC (3/3)

Pengendalian Produksi, Persediaan dan Kapasitas

Monitoring secara terus menerus, pencatatan dan

pelaporan perkembangan produksi, tingkat persediaan
dan kapasitas.

Mengadakan koreksi karena berbagai variasi yang

ditimbulkan mesin breakdown, kekurangan material.
Tujuan PPIC di industri:

Maximum customer service

Minimum inventory investment

Maximum efficiency in utilization of manufacturing

resource (fasilitas, tenaga kerja dan material)
Kontradiksi, perlu TRADE OFF
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Production Systems
Anything that takes inputs and transforms them
into outputs with inherent value

Type of Process Flow

10

Classification of Process Design

Process Design

Typical Layout

Typical Product
Positioning

Flow shop
Continuous
Dedicated repetitive
Intermittent or batch

Make-to-Stock
Line product emphasis

Assemble-to-Order

Mixed model
repetitive
Job shop

Functional process
emphasis

Make-to-Order

Fixed site

Fixed position project

emphasis

Make-to-Order

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Product Positioning - Process Choice Focus

Product Structure

Process
Design
Job Shop

Low Volume/
High Variety
1

Medium Volume/
Medium Variety

Batch Flow

Mixed-Model
Repetitive

High Volume/ Low

Variety

High Volume/ Standard

Dedicated
Repetitive
Continuous
Process

Product/Market/Process Characteristics
Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Highquality

Highquality

Highquality

Competitive
cost

Lowcost

Highflexibility

Someflexibility

Some
flexibility

Lowflexibility

Standardized

Implication

Highcost

Highcost

Mediumcost

Some
automation

Automated

Machinery

Generalpurpose

Generalpurpose

General
purpose

Specific
purpose

Specific
purpose

MaketoOrder

AssembletoOrder

Assembleto
Order

MaketoStock

Maketo
Stock

Order Winner
Variety

Product
Position

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Product Market Environment

13

Type of Layout

14

Total Lead Time

15

Production Information System

16

PPIC Framework

17

Production Systems Strategy

Need Demand Forecast

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Forecasting
Peramalan: aktivitas untuk memprediksi
kejadian atau kondisi mendatang untuk
mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan
Peranan peramalan pada suatu organisasi
sangat penting, terutama pada marketing
department, finance, personnel
management, production scheduling,
process control and strategic management.
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Forecasting in Organization Decision

20

Functional Forecasting

21

Forecasting Models

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Faktor yang mempengaruhi

pemilihan Model Peramalan

Bentuk peramalan yang diinginkan

Jangka waktu peramalan: short term (1 6 bulan),
medium term (6 bulan 3 tahun), long term (3
10 tahun)
Pola data
Biaya untuk melakukan peramalan
Tingkat akurasi yang diinginkan
Ketersediaan data
Kemudahan operasional dan pemahaman hasil
peramalan
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Tugas Individual ke-1:

1. Jelaskan fungsi & tujuan PPIC
2. Berikan masing-masing satu contoh sistem
produksi pada industri manufaktur yang
termasuk dalam group 1 5 pada tabel
Product positioning vs process choice
focus
3. Jelaskan pengertian MTS, MTO, ATO &
ETO
4. Jelaskan fungsi peramalan permintaan
dalam proses PPIC
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Referensi
1.
2.

3.

4.

Daniel Sipper, Robert L. Bulfin, Jr., 1997,

Production
Planning,
Control
and
Integration, McGraw-Hill.
Donald W. Fogarty, John H. Blackstone, J.R.,
Thomas R. Hoffman, 1991, Production and
Inventory Management, Second Edition, SouthWestern Publishing.
Edward A. Silver, David F. Pyke, Rein Peterson,
1998, Inventory Management and Production
Planning and Scheduling, Third Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Seetharama L. Narasimhan, Dennis W. McLeavey,
Peter J. Billington, 1995, Production Planning
and Inventory Control, Second Edition, Prentice
Hall.
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