Class A power amplifier

Analysis
DC POWER INPUT (PDC):
It is given as PDC = VCC * ICQ
AC POWER OUTPUT (PAC):
from output characteristics
Vm = = &
Im = =

Pac =

Cont

Pac = Vrms * Irms = V2rms / RL

EFFICINECY:
It is the ratio of ac power output to
the dc power input and it is given as
%
% = *100

Cont
MAXIMUM

EFFICIENCY:
if Vmax = VCC , Vmin =0 & Imax = 2ICQ ,
Imin= 0
% = *100
% = *100 = 25%

Cont
POWER DISSIPATION (Pd):
Power dissipation is the
difference between the dc power input
and the ac power output
Pd = Pdc Pac
The maximum power dissipation is
given by
Pd max = VCC * I CQ

Cont
Advantages:
1. Easy to design
2. Simple circuit
3. less number of components is
required.
Disadvantages:
1. Poor efficiency
2. More power dissipation
3. High output impedance

Transformer coupled Class A power amplifier

The
efficiency of RC coupled power amplifier is
poor.
To improve efficiency, the transformer coupled
class A power amplifier is preferred.
The impedance matching of the transformer can
be explained as follows,
= & = , where N1(N2), V1(V2) & I1(I2) are the
number of turns, voltages and currents in primary
and secondary coil of transformer.

Cont
The dc power input is given by
Pdc = VCC * ICQ
AC POWER OUTPUT (PAC):
PAC =
from output characteristics
Vm = = &
Im = =

Cont
Pac =
Pac = Vrms * Irms = V2rms / RL
EFFICINECY:
It is the ratio of ac power output to
the dc power input and it is given as
%
% = *100

Cont
MAXIMUM

EFFICIENCY:
if Vmax =2 VCC , Vmin =0 & Imax = 2ICQ ,
Imin= 0
% = *100
% = *100 = 50%

Cont
POWER DISSIPATION (Pd):
Power dissipation is the
difference between the dc power input
and the ac power output
Pd = Pdc Pac
The maximum power dissipation is
given by
Pd max = VCC * I CQ

Cont
Advantages:
1. The impedance matching required
for maximum power transfer is
possible.
2. The efficiency is higher than directly
coupled amplifier.
Disadvantages:
1. Due to the transformer, the circuit
becomes bulkier, heavier and
costlier when compared to directly
coupled circuit.

Cont
2. The circuit is complicated to design
and implement compared to directly
coupled circuit.

Harmonic distortion
distortion is caused by the non Harmonic

linearity of the characteristics curve of an

active device i.e., the output voltage
differs from that of the input signal. Such
a distortion is called harmonic distortion
or amplitude or non-linear distortion.
%D =
The second harmonic distortion is given
by,
D2 =

Class B power amplifier

The power amplifier is said to be class B
amplifier if the q-point and the input signal are
selected, such that the output signal is obtained
for one half cycle for a full input cycle.
Q-point is shifted on x-axis i.e, transistor is
biased on cut-off.
Due to the selection of Q-point on the X-axis,
the transistor remains in the active region only
for a positive half cycle of input.

Cont
During negative half cycle of the input signal,
the transistor enters into cut-off region and no
signal is produced at the output.
Collector current flows only for 180 o of input
signal
Efficiency is much higher than Class-A
amplifier

Cont

Cont
DC power input is given as
Pdc = VCC * Im
AC power output (Pac):
It is given as,
Pac =
Efficiency ():
It is the ratio of ac power output to the dc power
input

Cont
% =
% =
Maximum efficiency:
If Vm = VCC
%max = =

Cont
Power dissipation(Pd):
power dissipation is the difference between ac
power output and dc power input.
Pd = Pdc- Pac = VCC * Im Maximum power dissipation (Pdmax):
Pd max =

Cont
Advantages:
1. High efficiency.
2. Less power dissipation.
3. Reduced harmonic distortion.
. Disadvantages:
1. Cross over distortion.

Complementary class B power amplifier

Instead of using same type of transistor, one npn
and pnp can be used. Such type of amplifier
circuit is called as complementary class B power
amplifier.
During positive half cycle:
1. Q1 gets driven into active and starts
conducting.
2. Q2 remains in off condition, because pnp
transistor.

Cont
During negative half cycle:
1. Q1 gets driven into cut off region
and
2. Q2 gets driven into active region
and hence starts conducting.

Cont
Advantages:
1. As the circuit is transformer less, its weight,
size and cost are less.
2. Due to common collector configuration,
impedance matching is possible
3. The frequency response improves due to
transformer less class B amplifier circuit.

Cont
Disadvantages:
1. The circuit needs 2 separate voltage supplies.
2. The output is distorted due to cross over
distortion