T

ALT
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ALT CENTRE

CDMA 2000 1x Architecture

AND Features

Nikunj Goel
SDE (WLL)
ALTTC
Ghaziabad
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Brief
Outline
Evolution of CDMA

Networks.
CDMA 2000 1x Network Architecture

Additional RF Channels in CDMA 2000 1x

1x EV-DO

Evolution of CDMA Networks

CDMA technology was late entrant into 2G
landscape.

Earlier CDMA technology was used in defense

establishments

as a more secure form of communication.

First deployment of CDMA in commercial cellular
systems

was in 1994-95 only with IS-95 A as air-interface

standard
and IS-41 in core network; the complete network
known as
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Evolution of CDMA Networks

Next evolutionary step was use of IS-95B air interface
standard

which supported maximum data rate up-to 64 kbps to a

user.
Further in CDMA 2000 1x version many of the
limitations of
earlier IS-95 standard were overcome and new features
were added.
As a result CDMA 2000 1x has a higher voice capacity
and

better handling of packet data services.

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Key Requirements of 3G
Services
Improved system capacity.
Backward compatibility with second generation ( 2G ) systems.
Multimedia support.
High speed Packet data services.
Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for fixed or Indoor Environments.
Data Rates up-to 384 kbps for pedestrian or urban Environments.
Data Rates up-to 144 kbps for wide area mobile Environments.

IMT-2000 Data Rate Requirements

To Meet the High Speed Data
Requirements,
a 3G System Must Support:
144 kbps Data for High Speed
Vehicular Environment
384 kbps Data for Pedestrian or
Low Speed Vehicular Environment
2 Mbps Data for Stationary
Environment

Evolution of CDMA Networks

Evolution to 3G The Carriers Choice
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
Data only 2.4 Mbps
RF backward compatible

CDMA
IS-95A

IS-95B

Voice, 14.4k

Nearly Doubles Voice, 307k, RF backward compatible

CDMA2000 1x

Voice, 64k

EDGE
GSM
(Europe)

GPRS

Voice, 9.6k

100k

WCDMA

Data only 10-60k

Voice, 128k/384k
Voice, 9.6k

1995

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004
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What is CDMA2000 1x?

CDMA2000 1x is the first IMT-2000 standard that offers
high-speed wireless data
Capable up of to 307 kbps peak data rate on a
1x (1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier (Release B)
Doubles capacity for voice communications
Offers 50% longer stand-by time on handset
Backward compatible with IS-95A/B.

Cdma2000 1x Evolution
BTS

New
Terminal

01010

New Software
Channel card
upgrade

New packet data router

Software
Upgrade

01010

BSC

01010

IWF
Software
Upgrade

PDSN
New
Software

In order to provide better and

efficient connectivity to internet a
new Packet Switched Core Network
is introduced in cdma 2000 system.

MSC

IP
Backbone
PSTN
WWW
VPN
Enterprise Network
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CDMA 2000 1x Network Architecture

Charging
centre

X.25/DDN

Q3
OMC-S

Network
management

TCP/IP

HLR/AUC

MSC/VLR/SSP

NO.7 signal
network

SC/VM

PLMN
PLMN
PSTN
PSTN
ISDN
ISDN
PSPDN
PSPDN

BSS
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11

CDMA 2000 Architecture

PS-CN Components : PDSN

Packet Data Serving Node ( PDSN ) provides the function of

routing
data Radio Access Network ( RAN ) and internet.
In light of internet usage in todays world it can be compared
to
Internet Service Providers ( ISPs).

PDSN provides and maintains a packet data session to a

mobile user
in order to provide connectivity to internet.

If mobile IP services are supported by cdma 2000 PDSN also

supports Home Agent / Foreign Agent functionality of mobile

IP
protocol.
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CDMA 2000 Architecture

PS-CN Components : AAA
Server

In order to authenticate, authorise and account for the cdma 2000

subscribers wishing to obtain packet data services, PDSN requires
support of AAA server.

Authenticate: verifying that the user is valid & allowed to use packet data
services.

Authorization : subscription to the service being offered

is valid.
Accounting : Accounting for the service
used.

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CDMA 2000 Architecture

PS-CN Components : Private IP

Network
PDSNs, AAA servers and RANs are interconnected through private

IP
network.
This network is managed by private wireless service
provider.

A key requirement for the operator of private of private IP network

is to maintain Quality of Service ( QoS) for the data sessions on its
network.

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CDMA 2000 Architecture

PS-CN Components : Radio Access
Network
Radio Access Network ( RAN ) is composed of a BSC and number of
BTSs.

Compared to IS-95 system cdma 2000 RAN

has

Better spectral
efficiency.
Support for packet data
services.

Key characteristic requirement for support of packet data services

are
Efficient utilization of radio resources given bursty nature of
packet data.

Support for higher data rates relative to maximum of 14.4 kbps

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in IS-95.

CDMA 2000 Architecture

PS-CN Components : Radio Access
Network
This is achieved by software up-gradation at BTS and BSC and
addition of a
new hardware unit called Packet Control Function ( PCF) at BSC.

PDSNs are typically connected to RAN through private IP

network.

The connection between PDSN and BSC is a logical

connection.

cdma 2000 network allows single BSC to use multiple

PDSNs.

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Key Features CDMA

2000

CDMA 2000 1x radio option means one radio channel of 1.25 MHz
bandwidth.

The air interface of CDMA 2000 is defined in Telecommunication

Industry Association ( TIA ) IS-2000 standard.

While commonly referred to a CDMA 2000, other names for CDMA

2000 are 1x, 1x RTT or IS 2000.
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Key Features CDMA

2000

CDMA 2000 has fundamental requirement to maintain compatibility

with IS-95 air interface.

This means that IS-95 handsets will continue to work in CDMA 2000
network as well as CDMA 2000 mobiles will work in IS-95 network.

This is the key aspect of providing a cost effective solution for 2G

operators to gracefully upgrade to 3G network - a completely new
network and new mobiles are not required.

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Key Features CDMA

2000

Improvement over Air Interface

Faster Forward Power Control .

Pilot in Reverse Link .

Transmit Diversity : An optional feature which improves the

performance in certain radio environments by transmitting forward
signal on multiple antenna.

New Radio configurations : Provide new digital coding options for

improved efficiency over radio channel.

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Key Features CDMA

2000
Radio
Configurations

Radio configuration define Rate Set, Spreading Rate, Channel

Coding
( Turbo or convolutional ), channel coding rate, transmit
diversity for
RC
forward
or reverse
traffic
channel.
1 through
RC 9 in
FL ( RC1
through RC 5 in
1x ).

RC 1 through RC 6 in RL ( RC1 through RC 3 in

1x ).

CDMA 2000 uses variable length Walsh codes of length 4 to 128 to

support variable data rate.

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Advantages of CDMA
2000 1x

Enhanced capacity 38 users/Sector/FA.

Enhanced data rates up-to 153 kbps in Release A. It can go up-to

307 kbps in Release B.

Still higher data rates up-to 2.4 Mbps with 1x EV-DO.

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Additional Channel in 1x Commercial System

Forward Quick Paging Channel(F-QPCH)
To save the battery life of the mobile

Forward Supplemental Channel(F-SCH)

To provide the High data rate in forward direction

Reverse Pilot Channel

To Provide Quick Power Control on the Forward
Link

Reverse Supplement Channel(R-SCH)

To provide the High data rate in reverse direction
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What is CDMA2000 1xEV-DO?

1xEV-DO is a high-performance and costeffective Internet access solution
Capable of up to 2.4 Mbps peak data rate on a 1x
(1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier
The Next Enabling
Technology for
Growth

Separate 1xEV carrier optimized for Packet Data

Next Generation
Performance
Today!
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Seamless Deployment Lowers Costs

1x/IS-95 RF compatibility lowers
deployment costs.
Same coverage area as 1x/IS-95
cells sites.
No changes required to existing
network plans.
Same cell sites, towers, and
antennas can be used.
1xEV-DO sites can selectively be
deployed into 1x/IS-95 networks

1xEV-DO and
1X/IS-95
1X/IS-95

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THANKS
THANK !!

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