ADIPOCYTE

By Roong Tientien Game Pear Mind

1005

What is Fat cell ?

- Only the cell that contain fat molecule.
- Produced by muscle tissue
- An energy storage for the most of the mammal that use in long-term
- Usually can be found under the skin but also can be found in other parts of
body too.
- There are 2 types of fat cell

Location of White Fat cell

-

under skin

between muscle

around kidney and heart

behind the eyeball

cushion joint

abdominal.

Location of Brown fat cell

-

Found in neck,shoulders,chests and down the spines but not everybody has it there.
Upper back

New born animals or human (decreased by age)

Skinny people have more brown fat cell than fat or overweight people because inside the cell
contains a lot of mitochondria which make us burn a lot of calories.

Organelle that is missing

Centrioles
Fat cell does not have centrioles because it does not have to divide cell
(Fat cell can increase in size but cannot increase in amount)

Fat in animal and plant cell

- Animals have more white fat cell than brown fat cell.
- Animals store fat in form of fat cell
- Both plant and animal have fat cell.

Shape and Size of White fat cell

- quite round shape
- Has one big drop of fat (triglyceral) in the central of
the cell.
- Under microscope, white fat cell looks like ring

Shape and Size of brown fat cell

- quite round shape
- have brown color
- smaller than white fat cell
- many small drops of fat

Special Features
- White fat cell has a large fat vacuoles that uses to store energy and produce
hormone.
- Brown fat cell has a lot of mitrochondria

The shape effect

Fat cell is small
- To help hormone called adiponectin and Insulin
come out of the cell easier.
#Insulin help to reduce a chance of diabetes.

Function that make living organism survive

- keep body temperature stable for body to work properly
- make you feel hungry or thirsty
- help to maintain blood sugar level
- supporting intrnal organs

Function of white fat cells

- The largest energy storage in the body
- supporting internal organs and cushion joint
- produce,recieve and send many types of hormone

Function of brown fat cells

- Help to burn calories
- Produce heat
- having brown fat cell can help you lose your
weight

Fabry disease
- alpha-galactosidase-A deficiency
- It makes fatty material grow on tonomic nervous system, eyes, kidneys,
and cardiovascular system
- x-linked disease so female get it easier
- It usually starts at childhood or adolesence
-

Patients usually die from heart diseae, stroke and renal failure

Symptoms

Fabry disease

nervous system : burning pain in the arm

and leg

blood vessel and circulation : increase risk

of heart attack and stroke
enlarged heart
progessive kidney impairment
Angiokeratomas

Treatment

SYPMTOM OF FABRY DISEASE

Gaucher disease
Gaucher disease is the most common of the lipid storage diseases. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Fatty material
can collect in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Symptoms may include enlarged spleen and liver, liver malfunction, skeletal
disorders and bone lesions that may cause pain and fractures, severe neurologic complications, swelling of lymph nodes and (occasionally) adjacent
joints, distended abdomen, a brownish tint to the skin, anemia, low blood platelets, and yellow spots in the eyes. Persons affected most seriously
may also be more susceptible to infection. The disease affects males and females equally.
Gaucher disease has three common clinical subtypes. Type 1 (or nonneuropathic type) is the most common form of the disease. It occurs most
often among persons of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. Symptoms may begin early in life or in adulthood and include enlarged liver and grossly
enlarged spleen, which can rupture and cause additional complications. Skeletal weakness and bone disease may be extensive. The brain is not
affected, but there may be lung and, rarely, kidney impairment. Patients in this group usually bruise easily due to low blood platelets and experience
fatigue due to anemia. Depending on disease onset and severity, type 1 patients may live well into adulthood. Many patients have a mild form of the
disease or may not show any symptoms.
Type 2 (or acute infantile neuropathicGaucher disease) typically begins within 3 months of birth. Symptoms include an enlarged liver and spleen,
abnormal eye movement, extensive and progressive brain damage, spasticity, seizures, limb rigidity, and a poor ability to suck and swallow. Affected
children usually die before age 2.

Disease cause by fat cell

Type 3 (the chronic neuronopathic form) can begin at any time in childhood or even in adulthood. It is characterized by slowly progressive but milder
neurologic symptoms compared to the acute or Type 2 Gaucher disease. Major symptoms include an enlarged spleen and/or liver, seizures, poor
coordination, skeletal irregularities, eye movement disorders, blood disorders including anemia, and respiratory problems. Patients often live to their
early teen years and, in some cases, into adulthood.
For type 1 and most type 3 patients, enzyme replacement treatment given intravenously every two weeks can dramatically decrease liver and spleen
size, reduce skeletal abnormalities, and reverse other manifestations. Successful bone marrow transplantation cures the non-neurological
manifestations of the disease. However, this procedure carries significant risk and is rarely performed in Gaucher patients. Surgery to remove the
spleen may be required on rare occasions (if the patient is anemic or when the enlarged organ affects the patients comfort). Blood transfusion may
benefit some anemic patients. Other patients may require joint replacement surgery to improve mobility and quality of life. There is currently no
effective treatment for the brain damage that may occur in patients with types 2 and 3 Gaucher disease.

Gaucher disease
Gaucher disease - Occur from the disorder of enzyme glucocerebrosidase which is a fat that can be found in many
organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs and brain. It can cause many symptoms depend on the type
Type 1
The
most
common
type

Type 2

Type 3

treatm
ent

cause enlarged liver and

-inject

spleen

enzyme

- Can
occur
since
childho
od to
adultho
od.
Mostly

abnormal
eye
movement

-Occur
within
3
months
of

skeletal
irregula
rities

replace
ment
treatm
ent
Surger
y (rare)

Gaucher disease

References
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http://global.britannica.com/science/adipose-tissue
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http://study.com/academy/lesson/adipose-tissue-function-location-definition.html
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http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Tissue/Tissue_Adipose-Tissue.php