VET3063

ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS

COURSE EVALUATION
Test

(1 hour)

10%

Quiz (1 to go)

(4 times)

10%

Lab work

(min: 5 exp)

20%

Lab test

(1 hour)

20%

Final Exam

(2 hours)

40%

RI

(gone)

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT

FROM YOUR PREVIOUS
LECTURE ??

Question Time

What is an Integrated Circuits (ICs) ?

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

An integrated
circuit or monolithic
integrated circuit (also referred to as
an IC, a chip, or a microchip)
a microscopic array of electronic circuits
and components that has been diffused
or implanted onto the surface of a single
crystal, or chip, of semiconducting
material such as silicon.

Question Time

What is a function of ICs?

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer,

counter, computer memory, or microprocessor.
categorized as either linear (analog) or digital,
depending on its intended application.

Have you done your homework?

- ELECTRIC

MOTORs

- (DC MOTORs)-

After completing this lecture you should be able to:

1. List types of electric motors

2. Explain the principle operation of dc motor
3. Identify main parts of a dc motor

Type of Electric Motors

TYPES OF DC MOTORS
(cover in this topic)

Permanent Magnet DC Motors

Shunt DC Motors
Series DC Motors
Compound DC Motors
Stepper motor

Introduction
What is an Electric Motor?
a mechanically commutated electric motor powered
from direct current (DC)
Electromechanical device that converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy
Mechanical energy used to e.g.
Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
Drive compressors
Lift materials
Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load

FUNCTION OF DC MOTORS
Power conversion:- E --> M
Positional actuation:- electrical signal --> position

Today in History February 25, 1837

Thomas Davenport patents the electric motor
and electric railway.
Invented the DC electrical motor in 1834 and
used it to make a small model of electrical
railway in 1835.
patented a device for Improvements in
propelling machinery by magnetism and
electromagnetism in 1837.

 Davenport was the first to make practical

use of the DC electric motor, by using it to
power shop machinery.
He was so successful that he made a
business of this and started a workshop in
New York City where he published a journal
on electromagnetism.

DC Motor Components
A simple motor has five parts:
1.Armature or rotor
2.Commutator
3.Brushes
4.Axle (shaft)
5.Stator magnet

DC Motor Components

Stator Magnet
North pole and south pole
Receive electricity to form
magnetic field

Armature/rotor
Cylinder between the poles
Electromagnet when current goes through
Linked to drive shaft to drive the load

Commutator (penukar tertib)

Overturns current direction in armature

PARTS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

A commutator is a rotary electrical
switch in certain types of electric
motors or electrical generators that
periodically reverses the current
direction between the rotor and the
external circuit.
Carbon brush
is a device which conducts
current between stationary
wires and moving parts, most
commonly in a rotating shaft.

Basic operation
How does an electric motor work?
http://electric motor

How to determine the DC Motor Rotation

Direction?

et
ic
M
ag
n

(F)
e
c
r
Fo

Fie
ld

(B
)

To determine the direction of the motor's rotation, we

need to use the Flemming "Left Hand Rule

Cu

rre
n

t (I

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

The magnetic field (B) is directed

from N to S

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

http://basic principles

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

How Does an Electric Motor Work?

simulation

Connection types
A series DC motor connects the armature and field
windings in series with a common DC power source.
A shunt DC motor connects the armature and field
windings in parallel/shunt with a common D.C. power
source.
A compound DC motor connects the armature and
fields windings in a shunt and a series combination to
give it characteristics of both a shunt and a series DC
motor.

A series DC motor connects the armature

and field windings in series with a common
DC power source.

A shunt DC motor connects the armature and

field windings in parallel/shunt with a common
D.C. power source.

 A compound DC motor connects the armature

and fields windings in a shunt and a series
combination to give it characteristics of both a
shunt and a series DC motor.

STEPPER MOTOR

Stepper Motors
A stepper motor is a brushless DC electric
motor that divides a full rotation into a number
of equal steps.
a device whose shaft motion consists of
discrete angular movements of essentially
uniform magnitude when driven from
sequentially switched DC power supply.
is a digital input-output device.

control signals appear as digital pulses rather than

analog voltages.

one digital pulse to a step motor drive or translator

causes the motor to increment one precise angle of
motion.

as the digital pulses increase in frequency, the step

movement changes into continuous rotation.

The motor's position can then be commanded to

move and hold at one of these steps without any
feedback sensor (an open-loop controller), as long as
the motor is carefully sized to the application.

Stepper Motors
Description
Generally a two phase motor
permanent magnet rotor and wound fields
Rotor normally has many poles
200 poles = 1.8 degrees per step

Used primarily for position or velocity control

Typically no position feedback
Torques are managed so that an intended step is always achieved
Accelerations, decelerations and loads must be managed intelligently

Two general types of windings

Unipolar

Bi-polar

The stepper motors differs in the way they are

powered.

Instead of an AC or a DC voltage, they are driven

(usually) with pulses.

Each pulse is translated into a degree of rotation.

For example, an 1.8o stepper motor, will revolve

its shaft 1.8o on every pulse that arrives.

Often, due to this characteristic, stepper motors

are called also digital motors.

ANY QUESTION??

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED

TODAY??

THE END