Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Management
Topic One
An Introduction to Information
Technology
Learning Objectives
After
completing
this chapter
you will be
able to:-
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STID 1103
Objectives Overview
Explain why
computer literacy
is vital to success
in todays world
Discuss the
advantages and
disadvantages that
users experience
when working with
computers
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Distinguish between
system software and
application software
Differentiate among
types, sizes, and
functions of
computers in each
category
What is IT/ICT?
IT is concerned with technology to treat information.
Technology = the making, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, procedures, systems or methods of
organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific
function.
Information = data that is organized and meaningful.
What is IT/ICT?
Information Technology
The acquisition, processing, storage
and dissemination of
vocal, pictorial, textual and
numerical information by
a microelectronics-based
combination of computing and
telecommunications.
STID 1103
Information Technology
What is ICT?
Information Communications Technology (ICT) covers any
product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive
information electronically in a digital form. For example,
personal computers, digital television, email, robots.
ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation,
transmission or receipt of digital data.
It is also concerned with the way these different uses can work
with each other.
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IT Components
1. Process
2. Application (software)
3. Hardware
that is used to get, create, arrange,
analyze and present the information in
various format including text, image,
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audio and video.
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10
1. Process
The ability to translate the information
needs, to analyze and present the
information and the ability to analyze
the process effectiveness.
It Includes techniques and activities
that involve design, development,
implementation and IT management.
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11
2. Application (Software)
Software
can be
categorized
into:
Curricular software
it is designed to educate
students with concepts and
skills. The learning objective is
determine by the software.
Generic software
Software that is used to achieve
various learning objectives.
Example: Word processor,
databases and multimedia
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12
3. Hardware
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13
Computer Communications
Computer communications describes
a process in which two or more
computers or devices transfer data,
instructions, and information
Sending
device
Page 460
Communica
tions
channel
Receiving
device
14
Communications
15
Uses of Computer
Communications
Blogs
Chat
rooms
Fax
FTP
Instant
messagin
g
Internet
Newsgrou
ps
RSS
Video
conferenci
ng
VoIP
Web
Web 2.0
Web
folders
Wikis
16
Uses of Computer
Communications
A global positioning system (GPS) is a
navigation system that consists of one or
more earth-based receivers that accept and
analyze signals sent by satellites in order to
determine the GPS receivers geographic
location
Built into
Available
Available
GPS receivers
are:
many
as a
with new
mobile
handheld
vehicles
devices
device
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click GPS
below Chapter 9
Page 466
17
Page 468
Figure 9-7
18
A World of Computers
Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1
19
What Is a Computer? X
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Collects
data
(input)
Processin
g
Produces
informat
ion
(output)
20
What Is a Computer?
Page 6
Figure 1-2
21
The Components of a
Computer X
A computer contains many electric, electronic,
and mechanical components known as
hardware
Input
Device Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output
Device
System Unit
Storage
Device
Communicati
ons Device
Pages 6 - 8
22
The Components of a
Computer
Page 7
Figure 1-3
23
Pages 9 - 10
Advantages of
Using Computers
Disadvantages of
Using Computers
Speed
Health Risks
Reliability
Violation of Privacy
Consistency
Public Safety
Storage
Impact on Labor
Force
Communications
Impact on
Environment
24
Page 10
Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers
25
Pages 10 - 11
Figure 1-6
26
Page 11
Figure 1-7
27
Internet in 40 years
28
Communicate
Research and
Access
Information
Entertainmen
t
Pages 12 - 13
Figure 1-8
Download
Videos
Shop
Bank and
Invest
Share
Information
Online
Trading
Web
Application
29
Page 14
Figure 1-9
30
Computer Software
Software, also called a program, tells
the computer what tasks to perform and
how to perform them
System Software
Operating system
Utility program
Application Software
Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
31
Evolution of Windows
32
Computer Software
Installing is the process of setting up
software to work with the computer,
printer, and other hardware
Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
33
Computer Software
A programmer
develops software
or writes the
instructions that
direct the
computer to
process data into
information
Page 18
Figure 1-13
34
Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Page 19
35
Personal Computers
A personal computer can perform all
of its input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself
Two popular architectures are the PC
and the Apple
Desktop computer
Page 19
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
36
37
Personal computer
you can carry from
place to place
Mobile
Device
Examples include
notebook
computers,
laptop
computers,
netbooks, ultrathins, and Tablet
PCs
Pages 20 - 23
Computing device
small enough to
hold in your hand
Examples include
smart phones,
PDAs, handheld
computers,
portable media
players, and
digital cameras
38
39
Handheld
computer
Portable media
player
Digital camera
Pages 22 - 23
Figures 1-21 1-23
40
Game Consoles
A game console is
a mobile
computing device
designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games
Page 24
Figure 1-24
41
Servers
A server controls
access to the
hardware,
software, and other
resources on a
network
Provides a
centralized storage
area for programs,
data, and
information
Page 25
Figure 1-25
42
Mainframes
A mainframe is a
large, expensive,
powerful computer
that can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
Page 25
Figure 1-26
43
Supercomputers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most
powerful computer
Fastest supercomputers are capable of
processing more than one quadrillion
instructions in a single second
Page 25
Figure 1-27
44
Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a specialpurpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
Consumer
Electronics
Mobile and
digital
telephones
Digital
televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players
and recorders
Answering
machines
Page 26
Home
Automation
Devices
Thermostats
Sprinkling
systems
Security
monitoring
systems
Appliances
Lights
Automobiles
Antilock brakes
Engine control
modules
Airbag
controller
Cruise control
Process
Controllers and
Robotics
Remote
monitoring
systems
Power monitors
Machine
controllers
Medical devices
Computer
Devices and
Office Machines
Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers
45
Embedded Computers
Page 26
Figure 1-28
46
Home User
Personal financial
management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment
Pages 28 31
Figures 1-30 1-32
Small
Office/Home
Office User
Look up information
Send and receive e-mail
messages
Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other
computers on a network
or the Internet
Transfer information
Play video games
Listen to music
Watch movies
47
Pages 31 32
Figures 1-33 1-34
Power User
Enterprise User
Work with
multimedia
Use industryspecific software
Communicate
among employees
Process high
volumes of
transactions
Blog
48
Computer Applications in
Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 1-39
49
Computer Applications in
Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 1-43
50
51
IT Infrastructure Evolution
1. Mainframe and Minicomputer
2. Personal Computer
3. Client/Server
4. Enterprise Era
5. Cloud Computing Era
52
ONLINE STORE
IP MART (online shop for mobile phones,
tablet, PC accessories)
Lowyat.net
Direct D
53