Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Descriptive
Charts
Statistics
22.10.10
Piotr Bartenbach
Bartomiej Staszczyk
Histogram
The histogram is a summary graph
showing a count of the data points
falling in various ranges. The effect is a
rough approximation of the frequency
distribution of the data.
The groups of data are called
classes, and in the context of a
histogram they are known as bins,
because one can think of them as
containers that accumulate data and
"fill up" at a rate equal to the
An example of a histogram:
Histogram
Histogram is very popular in
presenting data related to quality
processes as it shows the
arrangement of a particular feature.
Mathematical definition for a
Histogram:
Where:
n is total number of observations
k is total number of bins
Polygon
The percentage polygon is formed
by having the midpoint of each class
represent the data in that class and
then connecting the sequence of
midpoints at their respective class
percentages.
Polygon
Basing on following data about
unemployment in accordance to the level of
education (three levels: Primary, Secondary
and Tertiary) in Poland:
2005: Primary 28,6%, Secondary 20,3%, Tertiary
7,2%
2007: Primary 15,7%, Secondary 10,3%, Tertiary
4,6%
We can create two simple Polygons that will show us
how the unemployment changes in time.
Polygon
Percentage of unemployed people in Poland
Unemployment in Poland
according to the level of education
35%
30%
28.6%
25%
20%
20.3%
15% 15.7%
10%
10.3%
7.2%
4.6%
5%
0%
Primary
2007
2004
Secondary
Tertiary
100.0%
90.0%
100000
80.0%
70.0%
Population
in thousands
80000
60.0%
60000
50.0%
40.0%
40000
30.0%
20.0%
20000
10.0%
0
0.0%
Population in thousands
% of population in the EU
Pie-chart
% Population in EU Countries
8%
4% 3%
22%
9%
17%
12%
12%
13%
Other
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Poland
Romania
The Netherlands