Objectives

Discuss Project Topics

Learn to design VAV and DOAS System

3D model Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building

3D model Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building

3D model Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building

3D model Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building

VAV Example
-One system
-Multiple Spaces/Zones
- VAV box for each space/zone

http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol242/v24b6.asp

VAV System Terms & Equations

(you can find them in ASHRAE Standard 62)

Fraction of minimum outdoor air in space/zone supply air

Xi = VOAi / VSAi
Critical space
Space with maximum Xi

Z=max(Xi)

Fraction of outdoor air in system supply air

X = sum(VOA ) / sum(VSA)

Required Fraction of outdoor air:

Y=X/(1+X-Z)

Example Solution
Space1
VSA
VOA
Xi
X
Z
Y

Space 2

Space 3

Space 4

Other Issues Related to VAV

Fan control
Minimum supply air
Occupancy sensors

DOAS System
http://doas.psu.edu/

Enthalpy wheel

Desiccant wheel

Figure 3 A desiccant-based cooling system combined with regenerative heat

exchanger, vapor compression cooling, and evaporative humidifier (hybrid system).

HVAC Control

Example 1:
Economizer (fresh air volume flow rate control)
Controlled device is damper
damper

fresh
air

- Damper for the air

- Valve for the liquids

mixing

recirc.
air

T & RH sensors

Economizer
% fresh air

Fresh air volume flow rate control

enthalpy

damper

Fresh
(outdoor)
air

TOA (hOA)

mixing

Recirc.
air

T & RH sensors

100%

Minimum for
ventilation

Economizer cooling regime

How to control the fresh air volume flow rate?
If TOA < Tset-point Supply more fresh air than the minimum required
The question is how much?

% fresh air

Open the damper for the fresh air

and compare the Troom with the Tset-point .
Open till you get the Troom = Tset-point
If you have 100% fresh air and your
still need cooling use cooling coil.

100%

Minimum for
ventilation

What are the priorities:

- Control the dampers and then the cooling coils or
- Control the valves of cooling coil and then the dampers ?
Defend by SEQUENCE OF OERATION
the set of operation which HVAC designer provides to the automatic control engineer

Economizer cooling regime

Example of SEQUENCE OF OERATIONS:
If TOA < Tset-point open the fresh air damper the maximum position
Then, if Tindoor air < Tset-point start closing the cooling coil valve
If cooling coil valve is closed and T indoor air < Tset-point start closing the damper
till you get T indoor air = T set-point
Other variations are possible

HVAC Control
Example 2:
Dew point control (Relative Humidity control)
damper
fan

fresh filter cooling heating

air
coil
coil

filter

mixing

T & RH sensors
Heat gains
Humidity generation
We should supply air with lower humidity ratio (w) and lower temperature
We either measure Dew Point directly or T & RH sensors substitute dew point sensor

Relative humidity control by cooling coil

Cooling Coil
Mixture

Supply

TDP

Room

Heating coil

Relative humidity control by cooling coil (CC)

Cooling coil is controlled by TDP set-point
if TDP measured > TDP set-point send the signal to open more the CC valve
if TDP measured < TDP set-point send the signal to close more the CC valve

Heating coil is controlled by Tair set-point

if Tair < Tair set-point send the signal to open more the heating coil valve
if Tair > Tair set-point send the signal to close more the heating coil valve
Control valves
Fresh air

mixing
cooling
coil

heating
coil

Tair & TDP sensors

Sequence of operation
(ECJ research facility)
Mixture 3

Set Point
(SP)
Mixture 1

DPTSP

Mixture 2

Control logic:
DBTSP

Mixture in zone 1: IF (( TM<TSP) & (DPTM<DPTSP) ) heating and humidifying

Heater control: IF (TSP>TSA) increase heating or IF (TSP<TSA) decrease heating
Humidifier: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase humidifying or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA)
decrease humid.
Mixture in zone 2: IF ((TM>TSP) & (DPTM<DPTSP) ) cooling and humidifying
Cool. coil cont.: IF (TSP<TSA) increase cooling or IF (TSP>TSA) decrease
cooling
Humidifier: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase humidifying or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA)
decrease hum.
Mixture in zone 3: IF ((DPTM>DPTSP) ) cooling/dehumidifying and reheatin
Cool. coil cont.: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase cooling or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA)
decrease cooling
Heater control: IF (TSP>TSA) increase heating or IF (TSP<TSA) decrease heating