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WAVES
Progressive Wave
Progressive waves distribute energy from a
point source to a surrounding area. They move
energy in the form of
vibrating particles or
fields.
PROGRESSIVE
WAVES
TRANVERSE WAVE
LONGITUDINAL
WAVES
DEFINATIONS
A transverse wave is
a wave that oscillates
perpendicular to the
direction it advances
Longitudinal waves,
also referred to as
compressional
waves or pressure
waves, are waves
that have vibrations
along or parallel to
their direction of travel
Transverse Wave
Example :
Electromagnetic
waves
-radio waves
-gamma waves
-light waves
Longitudinal waves
Example
Sound waves
Seismic wave
v =f
Where :
v = speed (m/s)
f = frequency (Hz)
= Wavelength
(m)
f
1500
8000
=0.19m
2.00m
s
v
5000
1500
=3.3s
Phase Difference
Example:
Q1:A wave of frequency 400 Hz is traveling at
a speed of 320 m/s. Calculate the phase
difference between two points 0.2m apart
on the wave.
Solution:
v 320
wavelength, =
0.8m
f 400
Phase difference of 0.2m apart
0.2
0.2
1
=
(2 )
(2 ) rad
0.8
2
Wave intensity
1
I 2
r
Properties of
electromagnetic
waves
In a vacuum, they all travel
at the
same speed - the speed of light which is 3 108 ms -1 c=f
They are all transverse waves, with
the oscillations being electric and
magnetic fields. Like all waves, they
can be reflected and diffracted.
Gamma
waves
X-rays
.
Ultraviolet
Radiation (UV)
a dangerous type of radiation
Produced when electrons jump
from a relatively high excited
states to a low excited states
within atoms n molecules
emitted from the sun
UV is partly absorbed by the
ozone layer
Visible light
Produced by atoms n molecules when the
outer electrons, after being excited into
higher energy levels, return to their
unexcited state.
Made up of monochromatic light with
different wavelength.
longest wavelength light we can see is red
shortest wavelength light we can see is
violet
Infrared
Radiation
Generated by vibration and
rotation of atoms & molecules.
detectable by our skin as heat
radiation
keeps the earth warm
Microwaves
o
Radio waves
longest of all the electro-magnetic waves
used in telecommunications (radio and TV
broadcasts, as well as portable phones and walkie
talkies).
2 ways to transmit radio waves
a) Amplitude modulation (AM)
b) Frequency modulation (FM)
Some radio waves come through the earth's
atmosphere from space
Questions &
Answers
Q: Which end of the spectrum
has the longest wavelength?
A: Radio waves
Q: Which end of the spectrum
has the highest energy ?
A: Gamma rays