Chapter 4

WORK & ENERGY

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 1

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

1
mgz mg ( 2 R ) mv 2
2
mv 2
At a N mg
R
2
mv
Or 2mg
R

from which

m
a
z

v 2 gR
2

Substituting this in the first equation mgz mg 2 R 1 m 2 gR

z 3R
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 2

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Consider the momentum right after impact

mv
mv ( M m)V V
M m

At impact, Ei=P.E + K.E = 0

1
( M m)V 2
2

2 2
1
m
v
Substituting for V=
2 ( M m)

At maximum height P.E + K.E = 0 + (M+m)gy

But y = l l cos = l (1- cos )
Therefore Ef=(M+m)g l (1- cos )
2 2
1
m
v
By energy conservation
( M m) gl (1 cos )
2 ( M m)
Or v ( M m) 2 gl (1 cos )
m
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 3

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

By energy conservation
But

1
1
2
mgR mvm MVM2
2
2

m
MVM mvm VM
vm
M

2
1
1
m
2
Substituting in energy equation mgR
mvm2 M
v
m
2
2
2
M
1
m 2
gR 1
vm

2
M

Thus

2 gR
vm
1 (m M )

When m = M,

vm gR
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Let m has velocity v1 when it is at l 1 and v2 when it is at l 2.

mv 2
T
r
l2

Work done,

l2

mv 2
W Tdr
dr
r
l1
l1
l2
2
l
m

r
m 2 rdr
2
l1

l1

1
1
1
2 2
2 2
2
W m(2 l2 1 l1 ) mv2 mv12
2
2
2

But v l v l v v1l1 . Thus increase in K.E. mv 2l 2

1 1
11
2 2
2
l2

1
1
2
2
2l2 2l1

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 4

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Gravitational force minus the centripetal force,

At the point where the particle leaves the sphere,
the normal force is zero

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 5

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Force on the ring : gravity, tension in thread and normal

force due to bead
Fring = T mg 2 N cos ----------------(1)
velocity of bead, v from energy conservation,

T
m

1 2
mv mgR(1 cos ) v 2 2 gR (1 cos )
2
v2

acentripetal ac

mg

2 g (1 cos )

mac N mg cos
N mac mg cos N mg (2 3 cos )

The radial equation of motion of the bead is

Or
When ring moves upward, T = 0, F = 0, total force = 0.
Substituting in eq.,0 = 0 Mg 2mg(2 3cos ) Mg= 2mg cos (3cos 2)
Or

1 1
3M
1
mcos
> (3M/2)
3 3
2m

M
and for cos to
be3real,
1

2m

> 0,

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 6

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Let

M
dm
dx
l

dx

1
2
(
dm
)
v
(dm) gx
When dm reaches pan,
2

Or v 2 gx v 2 gx
The average force due to hit, which act on the pan
2

dp (dm)v
dm
F

v
dt
dt
dt
M dx M 2 M
v

v
2 gx
l dt
l
l

M
The part of chain that weigh on pan = f =
xg
l

Therefore the total reading on pan = F f 3 M gx

l
When x l , it is 3Mg
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 7

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

The inter-atomic potential energy function is

(a) We find the minimum of this potential by differentiating it with respect to r

and setting the results equal to zero:

Or

Substituting

U r r0 (1 2)

The depth of the potential well is just U(r0) = . Thus the potential well has
a depth .
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

X
(b) We find the frequency of small oscillations by making a Taylor expansion
of the potential about r = r0.

But

therefore, dropping the middle term,

This is the form of the potential of a mass on a spring.

Thus

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Differentiating the potential once more

Put

and so

Consider 2 identical masses, m on the ends of this spring. Their coupled

equation of motion are
Where
is the distance between the masses.
Subtracting the above 2 equations
The frequency of oscillation is then
Plugging in the above value,

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 8

By work energy theorem,

dW dK

dt
dt

2
K (1 2)mv f
P

t
T

Given, m = 1800lb x 0.454 kg/lb = 817 kg

vf = 60mph x o.447 [(m/s)/mph] =26.8 m/s
Thus

1 (817 26.82 )
P
3.67 107 Watt
2
8
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 9

Solution
Given sin =1 / 40 = 0.025
Therefore 0.025 radians
Assuming constant speed

dK
dW dWg dW f
0

Pengine
dt
dt
dt
dt

Substituting
Therefore

Fg v F f v Pengine
mgv sin mg cos P

P (0.025mg 0.05mg )v 0.075mgv

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Consider downhill
As earlier, power from gravity force =mgv sin
Power from resistive force = 0.05 mgv

dK
mgv' sin 0.05mgv' Pengine 0
Therefore
dt

Or mgv ' sin 0.05mgv ' mgv sin 0.05mgv 0

Thus

v' (0.025 0.050 v(0.075 0.05) 0

v' 3v 45mph

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 10

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Mass of the rope in air = y

Center of mass = y/2
It moves with speed

v0 y

2 2

y
y2
The potential energy U ( y ) yg g
2
2
y 2
K ( y ) v0
Kinetic energy is
2
2
y
y
E ( y ) g
v02
Therefore
2
2
dE ( y )
v02
F
gy
The force
dy
2
By the above method the power and the rate of change of the ropes
energy are the same.
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 11

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

From momentum conservation m1v1 m2 v2 m1v1 ' m2 v2 '

And from kinetic energy conservation in both frame of reference,

v2 v1 (v2 'v1 ' )

We get following equation for final velocities in

terms of initial velocities in lab frame

v1 '

m
v

m1 m2
2m2
v1
v2
m1 m2
m1 m2

2m2
m1 m2
v2 '
v1
v2
m1 m2
m1 m2

V=
0
m

M
V

Therefore, substituting m1 = m, m2 = M, v1 = v, v1 = v, v2 = 0 and v2 = V,

v'

mM
v
mM

and

2m
V '
v
mM
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

1
1 2 mM
2
From Kinetic energy K1 f mv ' mv

2
2
mM
Therefore m M 4 2 because M > m
mM
9
3
Or

2
m M (m M )
3
5
1
m M
3
3
m 1

M 5

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Momentum Px mv0 MV = MV cos 45o + 0

mv0 = (MV/2) + MV ---------------------(1)
Momentum Py 0 = MV sin 45o mv0/2
mv0/2 = MV/2
2
-----------------------------(2)
v
1 2 1
1
1

2
2
0
mv

MV

MV
'

E conserved 2 0 2
2 2
2

3 2 1
mv0 M (V '2 V 2 )
8
2
------------------------------(3)
Therefore

m
1 V' V

M
2 v0 v0
m
1 V'

M
2 v0
Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

And

m 4 V '

M 3 v0

2
V

v0

1 m V
V'
1 m

2 M v0
v0
2M

From the above equations

m 4 1 m
Then

M 3 2 M

1 m

4 M

m 1 m

M 3 M
Or

m=3M

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Problem 12

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Consider the sketch where vBf and vAf are the velocities of A and B after
collision.
Then

-----(1)

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Also from conservation of momentum

0 +0 =(2m) vBf cos 45o +(m) vAf cos

-----------(2)
Squaring and adding 1 and 2
2
v Af
(cos 2 sin s 2 ) v02 2vBf2 2.828vBf v0 2vBf2
2
4vBf2 2.828vBf v0 v02 v Af

-------------(3)

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

From conservation of energy

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

Thank you

Prof S. Karthiyayini, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus