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POWER C
BY
CH. UDAY KIRAN
13761A0273

CONTENTS
WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION (WPT) ?
HISTORY OF WPT
WHY NOT WIRES ?
TYPES OF WPT
TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY WIRELESSLY USING CLASS E POWER CONVERTERS.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES
CONCLUSION

WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER WITHOUT USING WIRES
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TRANSFER IS USING WIRES
BUT THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IS POSSIBLE BY USING VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES.
WITH HELP OF WPT PROPER UTILISATION OF ENERGY IS POSSIBLE

HISTORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

NIKOLA TESLA IN LATE 1890S

HIS VISION FOR WORLD WIRELESS SYSTEM
THE 187 FEET TALL TOWER TO BROADCAST ENERGY
ALL PEOPLE CAN HAVE TO FREE ENERGY
SHORTAGE OF FUND LEAD TO NONOPERATION
HE USED TO LAMP 200 LIGHTS FROM 40 KM DISTANCE.

WHY NOT WIRES ?

AS PER STUDIES, MOST ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSFER THROUGH WIRES.
MOST OF THE ENERGY LOSS IS DURING TRANSMISSION
1. ON AN AVERAGE, MORE THAN 30 %
2. IN INDIA IT EXCEEDS 40 %

IN ORDER TO REDUCE SUCH CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF LOSSES, VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING
DEVELOPED BY SCIENTISTS.

TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY WIRELESSLY

NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUES
1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING
2. RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING
3. AIR IONISATION
FAR FIELD TECHNIQUES
1. MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION
2. LASER POWER TRANSMISSION

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION REFERS TO THE TECHNOLOGY OF TRANSMITTING INFORMATION BY THE USE

OF RADIO WAVES WHOSE WAVELENGTHS ARE CONVENIENTLY MEASURED IN SMALL NUMBERS OF
CENTIMETRES; THESE CALLED MICROWAVES.

THIS PART OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM RANGES ACROSS FREQUENCIES OF ROUGHLY 1.0 GIGAHERTZ (GHZ)
TO 30 GHZ .

THESE CORRESPOND TO WAVELENGTHS FROM 30 CENTIMETERS DOWN TO 1.0 CM.

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSFER( MPT) CONT.

TRANSFERS HIGH POWER FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER. TWO PLACES BEING IN LINE OF SIGHT USUALLY
STEPS: -ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MICROWAVE ENERGY
-CAPTURING MICROWAVES USING RECTERMA
-MICROWAVE ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

MP T (CONT....)
AC CAN NOT BE DIRECTLY CONVERTED TO MICR ENERGY .
AC IS CONVERTED TO DC FIRST .
DC IS CONVERTED TO DC USING CHOPPER .
DC IS CONVERTED TO MICROWAVES USING MAGNETRON .
TRANSMITTED WAVES ARE RECEIVED AT RECTE WHICH RECTIFIES, GIVES DC AS THE OUTPUT .
DC IS CONVERTED BACK TO AC .

HOW CLASS-E POWER CONVERTS ARE USED FOR WPT

THE FAR-FIELD ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION VIA RADIO WAVES IS MAINLY DEPENDENT ON THE USE
OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY FREQUENCY CONVERTERS OPERATING FROM DC (OR 50/60 HZ) TO RF/MICROWAVE
AND VICE VERSA .

IN THIS WORK, UHF CLASS-E POWER AMPLIFIERS AND RECTIFIERS ARE DESIGNED AND PROPERLY
COMBINED TO IMPLEMENT AC-TO-RF AND RF-TO-AC CONVERTERS FOR THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF
A 50/60 HZ UTILITY WAVEFORM WITHOUT THE NEED OF INTERMEDIATE CONVERSIONS TO DC.

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

EACH RECTIFYING BRANCH IS USED TO DYNAMICALLY

BIAS THE DRAIN TERMINAL OF A CLASS-E RF PA .

THE AMPLITUDE OF ITS OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VOUT, IS

PROPORTIONAL TO THE EMPLOYED SUPPLY VOLTAGE,
VDD, AS THEORETICALLY DESCRIBED THROUGH
VOUT=4.VDD/(2+4)

AC-TO-RF AND RF-TO-AC POWER CONVERSION

CLASS-E POWER AMPLIFIERS :

AC-TO-RF AND RF-TO-AC POWER CONVERSION

PARALLEL-CIRCUIT CLASS-E RECTIFIERS:

AC-TO-RF AND RF-TO-AC POWER CONVERSION

COMBINED POWER CONVERTERS :

CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT IN DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN
GOAL IS TO BUILD A LOW COST DEMONSTRATION MODEL BY 2025
8 COUNTRIES ALONG THE EQUATOR HAVE AGREED TO BE THE SITE OF A RECTENNA
10MW SATELLITE DELIVERING MICROWAVE POWER
WILL NOT BE IN GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT , INSTEAD LOWER ORBIT 1100 KM (683 MILES)
MUCH CHEAPER TO PUT A SATELLITE IN A LOW ORBIT
200 SECONDS OF POWER ON EACH PASS OVER RECTENNA

ADVANTAGES OF WPT

EFFICIENT
EASY

THE POWER COULD BE TRANSMITTED TO THE REMOTE PLACES WHERE THE WIRED TRANSMISSION IS NOT POSSIBLE
NEED FOR GRID, HIGH TENSION TRANSMISSION LINES, SUBSTATIONS ARE ELIMINATED
LOW MAINTENANCE COST
POWER THEFT WOULD BE NOT POSSIBLE AT ALL
THE POWER FAILURE DUE TO SHORT CIRCUIT AND FAULT ON CABLES WOULD NEVER EXIST IN THE TRANSMISSION.
THE COST OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION WOULD BECOME LESS
THE COST OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR THE CONSUMER WOULD BE REDUCED ALSO
WIRELESS CHARGING WOULD ALSO POSSIBLE
VEHICLES WOULD BE DRIVEN USING WPT, NO NEED OF FUEL.

DISADVANTAGES OF WPT
COST FOR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF WPT SEEMS TO BE VERY HIGH.
THE OTHER DISADVANTAGE OF THE CONCEPT IS INTERFERENCE OF MICROWAVE WITH PRESENT
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS.

CONCLUSION
THE USE OF CLASS-E POWER AMPLIFIERS (PAS) AND RECTIFIERS AS LINEAR AND EFFICIENT HIGH-LEVEL
AM MODULATORS AND ENVELOPE DETECTORS, RESPECTIVELY, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE VALID FOR
IMPLEMENTING THE AC-TO-RF AND RF-TO-AC CONVERTERS REQUIRED FOR THE DIRECT WIRELESS
TRANSMISSION OF THE 50/60 HZ UTILITY WAVEFORM.

THANK YOU