10 States Cape

f Coast & Cod

m o
1000 k

New
Jersey

Building a
Regional Ocean Observatory
for the Middle Atlantic Bight:
Our View from the COOLroom
Scott Glenn, Oscar Schofield,
Robert Chant, Josh Kohut, John
Manderson,
Janice McDonnell, Rich Dunk, John Wilkin
Plus Many Researchers & Students
The Most
Urbanized
Marine
Cape Ecosystem
Hatteras in the U.S.
U.S. Population Distribution
 is located
5,800 km
West
of Spain

5800 km

MIDDLE
ATLANTIC
7410 km
COASTAL
OCEAN
OBSERVING
REGIONAL 1200 km
ASSOCIATIO
N
Global
Vessel
Traffic
Bay of Biscay

1000 km of Coast
The National Ocean Partnership Act
was signed into law by President
Clinton on September 23, 1996.
Seed funding for the first year of the
National Ocean Partnership Program
(NOPP) was subsequently provided in
the FY1997 Department of Defense
Appropriations Act.

NOPP served as the catalyst for the maturation of

our research community and helped us realize the
impact of our research efforts can be compounded
through collaboration, coordination and cooperation.
It is our responsibility, now, to take these enhanced
skills of partnering and apply them to societys most
exigent needs with haste and vigor.
J.D. Watkins, T.R. Schaff & R.W. Spinrad
Oceanography, 2009,Vol.22, No.2

http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/22_2.html
 Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab
Operations, Data Fusion & Training Center

CODAR Network L-Band & X-Band Satellite 3-D Nowcasts Glider Fleet
Receivers & Forecasts
Regional
International Constellation
L-Band X-Band
(installed 1992) (installed 2003)

OCM
Chlorophyll
India

MODIS
Chlorophyll
USA

FY1-D
ch7:ch9
China

Global Local
Autonomous Underwater Gliders

RU COOL 20+ Glider Fleet:

January 2003 - May 2010
180 deployments
75,000 km flown
1,741 calendar days at sea
3,431 in-water days
 1998 2000
Early HF Radar at Rutgers:
1998: Two 24 MHz CODARs
2000: One 5 MHz CODAR
2001: + Three 5 MHz CODARs

2001
 LONG
RANGE
NETWORK 2010 2003
2007 2003
2001 2003
2000
2001
2001
2006
2006
2009 Fourteen
2003 5 MHz
CODAR
2003 SeaSondes
 Nested
Standard
Range
Network

Fourteen
24 MHz
CODAR
SeaSondes
 A)CODAR B) C)
HF Radar
Network

D) E)

C)

F) G) H) I) J)
 ONR CBLAST
2005
Coastal Collaboratory 1998

NSF LaTTE 2004-2006

NSF MSF 2006-2007

Campus Collaboratory 2002
ONR SW06
2005-2006

ONR CPSE NSF OOI CI IO

& HyCODE OSSE 2009 Virtual Collaboratory 2006
1998-2001 Observatory-Enabled
Collaborative Research
ONR MURI REA
2006-2010
Campaigns in the
Mid-Atlantic Bight
Hypoxia/Anoxia & Bottom Bathymetry
Historical Recurrent
Hypoxia Centers land
Depth
Long Is
12 m
15 m
20 m Warsh NOAA
25 m 1989
30 m
35 m
New
40 m
50 m Jersey Barnegat
100 m Field Station
500 m
1000m
2500m

LEO

Cape May
DE
 E) Temp (oC)
10.8
12.2
13.6
15.0
B) 16.4
17.8
D) 8/5/93 19.2
CTD Transect 20.6
22.0
A) 23.4
24.8

win
d
F) CODAR & SST 7/98

1 m s-1 Temp.
C) 21
Barnegat LEO 23
delta delta
Cape May
North 25
delta 27
Song et al(JGR) 2002
Figure 6
 Coastal Ocean RADAR Brant Beach
Surface Velocities

Coupled With Sea Surface 20 cm/sec

Temperature Satellite Imagery

Celsius
Great
T 21
e
Bay Marine Field Station
22 39:30N
m
p 23
e
r 24
a
t 25
u
r 26
e
27

Brigantine

Atlantic City

Kilometers

0 5 10
74:15W

74:00W
39:15N

C l o u d
Copyright 1998, Colon Boy Productions.
Hypoxia/Anoxia & Bottom Bathymetry
Historical Recurrent
Hypoxia Centers land
Depth
Long Is
12 m
15 m
20 m Warsh NOAA
25 m ? 1989
30 m
35 m
New
40 m
50 m Jersey Barnegat
100 m Field Station Summer late fall
500 m upwelling
1000m
2500m

LEO

Cape May
DE
Downwelling Upwelling

Geyer and Fong

Input of organic matter is pulsed to coastal system as floods and punctuated
tidal squirts. Example, a tidal bore as it flows past the R/V Cape Hatteras

Salinity
 The Nearshore Recirculation: An Incubator for Phytoplankton

Drifters Recirculate
Observatory Finds
The Frazer Eddy!

Hudson River

Oxygen Drops
Large
Phytoplankton
Dominate
Freshwater Plume moves Cross-Shelf, down the Hudson Shelf Valley

Long-Range CODAR
Surface Currents

Satellite SST

Kerfoot et al
OS45D-21
Deploy Glider Track
The Glider Salinity Section
Robot
LaTTE 2005 -- After Luring the Cape Hatteras Offshore.

Shipboard Salinity Section

Across the NJ Coastal Current
and the HSV Highway

The survey began on the Highway. We were near the glider

when it surfaced. We saw currents ripping southward in a 10 m
thick layer of freshwater along the highway -- perhaps the most
significant freshwater transport we saw all week.
Perhaps the most perplexing to me is the Highway and
why there has been a lack of a strong coastally trapped flow
this week.

--- Bob Chant aboard the Cape Hatteras, April 21, 2005
Collaborative Campaign Science in the Middle Atlantic Bight:
The Shallow Water 2006 Joint Experiment (SW06)
>12 Satellites
48 Senior
PIs & PMs

7 Ships
3 Ground-
stations
10 Gliders

1 Aircraft

62 Moorings
Collaborative Campaign Science in the Middle Atlantic Bight:
The Shallow Water 2006 Joint Experiment (SW06)
HiSeasNet >12 Satellites
48 Senior
PIs & PMs

7 Ships ati on
un ic
m 3 Ground-
Com stations
10 Gliders

1 Aircraft

62 Moorings
6-Year New Jersey Shelf CODAR Analysis (2002-2007)

Mean Std Dev.

Seasonal Climatology of Wind Driven

Circulation on the NJ Shelf Gong,
Kohut, Glenn. in press.
Background no-wind flow
Mean Current based on Wind (Summer)

NW NE

SW SE
 Summer 2006

Temp

Wind

Sal

Virtual
Drifters
in
CODAR
Current
Fields
Dens
The Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System
Established 2007: 35 Co-PIs, 25 Institutions, 10 States

Regional Priorities:
1)Safety at Sea
Search and Rescue
2) Ecosystem Decision Support
Fisheries
3) Water Quality
4) Coastal Inundation
5) Offshore Energy
 Success Stories Making a Difference

Optimizing HF Radar for SAR using USCG Surface Drifters

Art Allen
U.S. Coast Guard

Scott Glenn
Rutgers University

and the Mid-Atlantic Regional

Coastal Ocean Observing System
MARCOOS Theme 1: Maritime Safety Search And Rescue
NOAA Coastal Site
MAB CODAR CODAR Currents
Network SLDMB Drifter

SLDMB
Drifter

Drifter Test Results

CODAR Exceeds
Present Methodology
SAROPS
Before SAROPS
CODAR After
Large CODAR
Random Small
Search Stratified
Area Search
Areas
 Ocean Models

STPS HOPS
U. Connecticut U. Massachusetts, Dartmouth

ROMS NYHOPS
Rutgers University Stevens Institute of Technology
 Data Flow for Operational HF Radar Network for Search And Rescue

Individual Data Aggregator Forecast Product Decision Tool

Site Data
MARCOOS Regional
Product
Theme 1:
Aggregator
Maritime Safety, Search And Rescue
Generation
Distribution: OPeNDAP/ THREDDS
Data Format: NetCDF
STPS,
(UConn)

HF MARCO
Radar OS ROMS
EDS SAROPS
Radials Totals (Rutgers)

NOAA
National HOPS
Network (SMAST)
MARCOOS

Year 1 & 2

NYHOPS Year 3
(Stevens)
Validation of Optimal Interpolation Totals
Feb 24-April 4, 2007 (39 days)
 Comparison to ADCP

ADCP OI UWLS
Comparison to Drifter

Drifter OI UWLS
 HF Radar
and
HYbrid Coordinate Date Time
Ocean Model or 22 July 2009 00
0000 Z
(HYCOM) 23 July 2009 24
Currents in SAROPS 0000 Z
24 July 2009 48
0000 Z
High Confidence (HF Radar)
sigma (1 std dev) = 0.22
25 July 2009 72
0000 Z
knots
Tau (half life) = 264
26 July 2009 96
0000 Z
minutes
Low Confidence (HYCOM)
sigma (1 std dev) = 0.37
knots
Tau (half life) = 264
minutes
 24 Hours Into Search

HYCOM HF Radar
Low Confidence High Confidence
 48 Hours Into Search

HYCOM HF Radar
Low Confidence High Confidence
 72 Hours Into Search

HYCOM HF Radar
Low Confidence High Confidence
 96 Hours Into Search

HYCOM HF Radar
Low Confidence High Confidence
Search Area After 96 Hours

154 km
100 km

232 km 123 km

HYCOM HF Radar
36,000 km2 12,000 km2
10,500 nmi2 3,500 nmi2
May 4, 2009:After a year of testing, NOAA Announces on
U.S. Department of Commerce Website that
MACOORA CODAR is Operational in SAROPS
U.S. IOOS Goal
for 2010:
Bring all
sustained
regional-scale
HFR networks up
to operational
status in USCG
SAROPS
U.S. IOOS - Ecosystem Based Management

Large Marine Ecosystems

Fisheries Surveys & Argo Drifters

Met. Stations & QuikSCAT

Atmospheric Forecasts

Ocean Forecasts

HF Radar & Altimetry m

0 0k
1,0
Satellite Imagery

Glider Fleets

Fall 2008
Glider
Transects
Autumn habitat GAM
offshore migration & spawning

= bottom temperature + bottom rugosity

+ current divergence + Chlorphyll-a*

Spawn in habitats minimizing

larval mortality/growth ratio?
Its the least they could do!:
 Particle trajectories in surface currents (HF radar)
Winter Spring

Probability of egg occurrence

Autumn Summer

Gong et al., 2009. JGR

MARCOOS Regional Support for Water Quality Projects

NERRS

LIS Water Quality

NJ Coast Recurrent Hypoxia

Monmouth County Health

Delaware River Basin NWQMN Pilot Study
 Floatable Events

2007: Normandy Beach, NJ

2008: Avalon, NJ
MARCOOS Regional Support for Coastal Inundation
MACOORA Percent Coverage Metrics: Oct 2009 March 2010
U.S. IOOS Goal for 2010:
Establish Metrics for Measuring
National HF Radar Network Buildout
and Sustained Resiliency.

Figure 4: Six month mean surface

currents from October 1, 2009 to
March 31, 2010.

Figure 3: Temporal coverage for the

MARCOOS HF Radar Network from
October 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010.
The 20 and 80 percent contour lines
are shown as the thick black lines.
The bathymetry every 25 m is shown
as the blue lines.
MARCOOS Conditional Averaging by Wind Direction - Summer
MURI, IOOS, ONR, OOI Observing System Simulation
Experiment 2009
IDA Storm Nov 12 2009
MURI, IOOS, ONR, OOI Observing System Simulation
Experiment 2009
IDA Storm Nov 13 2009
MURI, IOOS, ONR, OOI Observing System Simulation
Experiment 2009
IDA Storm Nov 14 2009
MURI, IOOS, ONR, OOI Observing System Simulation
Experiment 2009
IDA Storm Nov 15 2009
Summer 2009
Virtual Drifter Experiment
Mid-Atlantic Dynamical Models Now Running in Real Time
U.S. National HF Radar Network

Segment Color Key

Red > 90 km
90 km > Orange > 70 km
70 km > Green

http://ioos.gov/hfradar/
Four 13 MHz SeaSondes

Green = 24 MHz
Yellow = 13 MHz
Red = 5 MHz

Four Additional
13 MHz SeaSondes
Radials
Ellipticals
Combined Multi-Static Coverage

Radials from SEAB

Radials from BRNT
Ellipticals from SEAB
Ellipticals from SEAS
U.S. National HF Radar Network Summary Already includes
129 Sites from
29 Organizations

First of 11 Regions is
already operational in
Coast Guard SAROPS

Several regional
networks will come on
line in 2010

A 5-Year Buildout Plan
has been developed.

While Search And
Rescue has been the
driver, many other
applications benefit.


Expanding Regional-Scale Observatories National-International Partnerships
Norway (Nansen Center, U. Bergen, U. Oslo, NMI, NTNU, UNIS, CalPoly, NOBLE, FFI)
United Kingdom (Proudman Oceanographic Center)
Spain (Puertos del Estado, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, IMEDEA, PLOCAN, Qualitas Remos
Caribbean Regional Association (CaRA - UPRM, UVI)
Antarctica (Palmer Station, Ross Sea)