RESHAPING

MEDIEVAL
EUROPE
By: James the Great

I. TOWN LIFE

The new social class (had freedom and

money)
Middle Class

I. TOWN LIFE

Composed of:
Merchants
Craftsmen

TOWN LIFE

Avg. 5,000 ppl.

Enclosed by thick walls
Became overcrowded
Houses were 4 to 5 stories tall

TOWN LIFE

Dark, crooked, and filthy streets

Garbage tossed into open gutters
Poor sanitation caused quick spread
of diseases carried by dogs, rats, and

II. MEDIEVAL LEARNING

AND ART

REVIVAL OF LEARNING

Reasons for learning revival:

Improved political and economic
conditions
New ideas exposed by Arab and

REVIVAL OF LEARNING

Two Universities: Paris and Bologna

(liberal arts and theology) (law)

NOTED SCHOLARS
Anselm: Faith and reason for proper
understanding
Peter Abelard: asking questions
Thomas Aquinas: certain things
understood by reason, certain by faith
alone
Roger Bacon: helped in field of science-no
more mysticism and superstition

LANGUAGE AND LIT.

Dante Alighieri: Italian; wrote Divine
Comedy about an imaginary journey
through hell, purgatory, and paradise
Geoffrey Chaucer: English; wrote The
Canterbury Tales about pilgrims visiting
Thomas Beckets tomb; depicted
English life and customs

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Romanesque: round arches, heavy
columns, small doors and windows;
dark and gloomy
Gothic: light and delicate, high
towers, pointed arches, stained- glass
windows

III. MEDIEVAL WARS

HUNDRED YEARS WAR

English holdings in France

French tried to take possession of
English-held Flanders (threatened
English wool trade)
English king: Edward III claimed French

HUNDRED YEARS WAR

English used longbows, which

HUNDRED YEARS WAR

French used conventional crossbow

JOAN OF ARC

Peasant
Believed heavenly voices told her
to drive English from France

JOAN OF ARC

France won, but she was caught and

burned at the stake!

RESULTS OF WAR

Now that England had no more French

holdings they could focus on their own soil
Strong nations were built in France and

WAR OF THE ROSES

Civil war in England

Between the houses of York (White Rose)
and Lancaster (Red Rose) - quest for the

WAR OF THE ROSES

Lasted 30 years

BATTLE OF BOSWORTH FIELD

Henry Tudor defeated Richard III

Henry was crowned King Henry VII
Tudor dynasty had begun

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Spanish Kingdoms unite together to

defeat the Muslim Moors

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

After the Moors were driven out of the

Iberian peninsula, three kingdoms emerged:
Castile; Aragon; Portugal
Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of

SPAIN

Spain formed and the Spanish inquisition began

Systematic persecution of Muslims and Jews

GERMANY

Diet of H.R.E. became governing body

chose weak men to rule
Passed crown to different families, so no
family would grow in strength

HAPSBURGS

Became a strong family in southern

Germany, which became known as
Austria

MAXIMILIAN I

Only Hapsburgs were elected to

German throne

DECLINE

Boniface VIII Unan Sanctum

Babylonian Captivity of the Church

DECLINE

Great Schism
Council of Constance Discontent with the

THE END!

MAXIMILIAN I

Enlarged Hapsburg possessions

through marriage
1st marriage- low countries (Belgium
and Holland)****
2nd marriage- Milan
Marriage alliance between his son and
daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella
Now he controlled Low Countries, HRE,

PAPAL
DECLINE
Boniface VIII Unan Sanctum
Babylonian Captivity of the
Church
Great Schism
Council of Constance Discontent