ANALOG AND DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION
(CS6304)

BOOKS & WEBSITES

BOOKS:
Wayne Tomasi,

Advanced Electronic Communication

Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Kennedy, Davis, Electronic Communication Systems,
Tata McGRAW-HILL Fourth Edition, 2009.(Only1st UNIT)
WEBSITES:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Analog_vs_Digital

INTRODUCTION
Communication:
Communication refer to the sending , receiving and processing of
information .
Radio communication is widely used communication through
invention with the use of transistor, integrated circuits and other
semiconductor devices.

Analog

Signal:

An analog is continuous signal for which the time varying feature

(variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time
varying quantity.
Digital

Signal:

A digital signal is a physical signal that is a representation of a sequence

of discrete values

ANALOG VS DIGITAL SIGNALS

ANALOG

DIGITAL

Analog signal is a
continuous signal which
represents physical
measurements.

Digital signals are discrete time

signals generated by digital
modulation.

Denoted by sine waves

Denoted by square waves

It can be used in analog devices

only. Best suited for audio and
video transmission.

It can be used for Computing

and digital electronics.

Analog instrument draws large

power

Digital instrument draws only

negligible power

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
A modern Communication system is first concern with the
sorting processing and sometimes storing information before its
transmission.
Actual transmission and reception involves in processing ,
filtering of noise, processing steps such as decoding , storage
and interpretation respectively.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Information:
It is the message for communication originates from the Information
Source, selecting one message from group of messages.

Transmitter:

It modulates the carrier i.e superimposed on high frequency sine wave

Channel- Noise:
It is used for long distance communication and refers to frequency
range allocated to particular transmission.
It is mainly used to avoid deterioration in communication of messages

Receiver:
It

is demodulation system to receive the message and display ,

or audio (loudspeaker) etc for better output representation as
required.

MODULATION
Modulation is the addition of information to an
electronic or opticalsignal carrier.
It can be applied to direct current to alternating
current, and to optical signals.
Amplitude modulation (AM), in which the voltage
applied to the carrier is varied over time
Frequency modulation (FM), in which the
frequency of the carrier waveform is varied in
small but meaningful amounts
Phase modulation (PM), in which the natural
flow of the alternating currentwaveformis
delayed temporarily

NEED FOR MODULATION: (2MARKS)

To increase the bandwidth of the signal

To multiplex the signals
To reduce the interference made when we
transmit the signals with nearly same
frequency in the audio frequency range (2020k)Hz and to favour the complexity of the
transmission system

BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS
Bandwidth

is the information-carrying capacity

of a communication channel.
The channel may be analog or digital, analog
transmissions such as telephone calls, AM and
FM radio, and television are measured in cycles
per second (hertz or Hz).
Digital transmissions are measured in bits per
second. For digital systems, the terms
"bandwidth" and "capacity" are often used
interchangeably, and the actual transmission
capabilities are referred to as the data transfer
rate (or just data rate).

NOISE

Noise is a random fluctuation in an electrical signal, a characteristic of

all electronic circuits.
It is generated by electronic devices varies greatly, as it can be produced by
several different effects. Noise is classified as External Noise and Internal
Noise

External Noise :

External

noise is defined as the type of Noise which is general externally due

to communication system.

External Noise may be classified as Atmospheric Noise, Industrial noise and

Extraterrestrial Noise.

Internal

Internal Noise :

Noise are the type of Noise which are generated internally or within the
Communication System or in the receiver..

Internal Noises are classified as Shot Noise, Thermal Noise, Partition Noise, High
frequency Noise and Low frequency Noise.