Chapter 9

The Five Republics

Choctaw Government
First

written constitution in
Oklahoma.
Legislative=unicameral, 10 reps
from 3 districts
Executive=3 district chiefs, 4
year terms, lighthorse of 18
peace officers

Choctaw Government
Judicial=3

judges
Bill of Rights

Chickasaw
Government

At first, citizens of Choctaw

Nation
1855, made treaty with
Choctaws to make their own
nation
Constitution almost identical to
Choctaws
Capital at Tishomingo

Cherokee Government
John

Ross and new Cherokees

didnt want to accept
government of existing
Cherokees. They wanted to
write a new constitution.
June 22, 1839, signers of the
Treaty of New Echota were
killed.

Cherokee Government
Stand

Watie sought revenge.

Blood feud lasted 7 years.
Constitution conventions
held.
1840, new constitution
written. Tahlequah is capital.

Creek Government
Lower

Creeks and Upper

Creeks were divided but got
along.
Not centralized, almost 50
towns in a confederation
each with a chief and 2nd
chief

Creek Government
National

Council organized in

1840
1859, first written
constitution, still had division
of Upper and Lower, chiefs
became elected positions

Seminole Government
Least

organized, didnt want

to join Creeks
25 towns with chiefs
Annual summer meeting of
town chiefs

Seminole Government
Some

Seminoles and Creeks

created a colony in Mexico
1856, Creeks granted
Seminoles independence with
own land

Economic Reconstruction
Farm

sites for fruits and

vegetables
Fields of cotton
Slavery=less harsh in Indian
Territory, some could marry and
have property
Choctaw slaves composed Swing
Low, Sweet Chariot

Economic Reconstruction
Ranching=cattle,

sheep,
goats, horses, hogs
Commerce evolved and
towns grew as trading
centers
Manufacturing

Economic Reconstruction
Transportation=

Texas Road-Highway 69
(northeast/southwest)
California Trail (east/west)
Butterfield Road (stagecoach line to
link St.Louis and Los Angeles)
Red and Arkansas Rivers by keelboats
and steamboats

Religion
Traditional
Presbyterian:

ABCFM, Byington
and Worcester, Wheelock
Church
Baptist: opposed slavery
Methodist: circuit-riding
preachers
Moravians

Religion
Many

female missionaries
Missionaries taught the
gospel, practiced medicine,
opposed alcohol, advised
tribal leaders, converted
languages into written form,
opened schools

Educational Reconstruction
Almost

every mission had a

day school
Boarding schools created
Used annuities from treaties
and mission funds

Educational Reconstruction
Reading,

writing, math,
history, Latin, Greek,
philosophy, biology,
astronomy and the Bible
Vocational training too
Cherokees separated church
and state

International Relations
Interaction

with each other,

western tribes, and US
government.
International councils to discuss
problems.
Problems with Mexico and Texas.
New forts created