SPS270

INJURY PREVENTION AND SPORT

SAFETY
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
GROUP MEMBERS:
MUHAMAD AIZUDDIN BIN ISMAIL
HAZAD AL HAFIZ BIN AMIR
NUR FARHANA BINTI MOHD NASIR
SYARIFAH KHAIRUNNISA BINTI SYED KAMARUDIN
LECTURER:
AHMAD SHAIRAZI BIN ABDUL FATAH

MUSCULOSKELETAL
INJURIES

Fracture

Dislocati
on

Subluxati
on

WHAT IS A FRACTURE?
A fracture is
a broken
bone. It can
range from a
thin crack to
a complete
break.

TYPES OF BONES
FRACTURES

CAUSES OF BONE FRACTURES

Falls

Direct strikes to
the body

Traumatic
events such as
auto accidents
or gunshots

Injuries during
sports

Overuse,
particularly in
sports

SIGN OF BONES
FRACTURES
Swelling
Bruising
Discolored skin around the affected
area
Angulation
Bleeding

SYMPTOMS OF BONES
FRACTURES

Pain

Unable to
put
weight
on the
injured
area

Cannot
move
perfectly
and
effectivel
y

DIAGNOSING BONE FRACTURES

Based on the
history given and
the physical
examination
performed

Using medical
equipment

Splints

Braces

Plaster
cast

Traction

Surgically
inserted metal
rods or plates

Pain relief

FIRST AID FOR BONE

FRACTURE

FollowDRA
BC action
plan

Control
any
bleeding
and cover
any
wounds

Check for
fractures
open,
closed or
complicate
d

Ask patient
to remain
as still as
possible

Immobilise
fracture

WHAT IS A DISLOCATION?
A
dislocation
occurs
when a
bone slips
out of a
joint.

TYPES OF DISLOCATION

Shoulder
dislocation

Hip
dislocation

Congenital
hip
dislocation

Jaw
dislocation

Knee
dislocation

Spine
dislocation

CAUSES OF DILOCATION
Joint
experiences
an
unexpected
or
unbalanced
impact.
Re-dislocate Fall or hit to
on the same the affected
area
area.

SIGN OF DISLOCATION

Swollen or
bruised

Visibly out
of place

Shortening,
Discoloure bending or
d
deformity
of the joint

SYMPTOMS OF DISLOCATION

Loss of
motion

Pain
during
moveme
nt

Numbne
ss
around
the area

Tingling
feeling

DIAGNOSING DISLOCATION
Doctor will examine the affected area.
He will be checking circulation to the area,
deformity, and whether the skin is broken.
If doctor believes that you have a broken
bone or a dislocation, he will order an X-ray.
Special imaging such as an MRI may be
required.

MEDICAL TREATMENTS FOR

DISLOCATION
Manipulatio
n

Immobilizat
ion

Surgery

Medication

Rehabilitati
on

FIRST AID FOR

DISLOCATION

Call medical help as soon as possible

Do not move the joint or try to place it back
Place ice to control swelling
If skin is cut, clean gently and bandage with
sterile gauze
Sling or splint the injury in its original
position
If injury is serious, check for breathing
Cover the patient with a blanket

WHAT IS A
SUBLUXATION?
A subluxation is a
condition when a
joint begins to
dislocate but not
completely losing
contact. It can be
considered as
"partial
dislocation."

CAUSES OF SUBLUXATION

Sports
injuries

Car
crashes

Falls from
a height

Twisting
or
reaching
moveme
nts

SIGN/SYMPTOM OF
SUBLUXATION
Pain
around the
injured
joint

A
sensation
of wanting
to give-out
or being
unstable

Swelling of
the joint

Limited
mobility of
the join

TREATMENT FOR
SUBLUXATION
Early treatment should begin by ensuring
the joint is in proper position.
If there is any concern that the joint is not
back in position, then you should be
evaluated by a medical professional

SUBLUXATION VS
DISLOCATION

REFERENCES
http://
www.healthline.com/health/dislocation#Cau
ses2
http://
www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/dislocation/subty
pes.htm
http://
www.healthline.com/health/fracture#Types2
http://
www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312
.php
https://