Aim: How to multiply polynomials using are

model and distributive property?

Do Now:
Multiply.
1.(x + 3) (x +5)
2.(x + 7) (x - 5)

To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, use

the Distributive Property and the Properties
of Exponents.

To multiply any two polynomials, use the

Distributive Property.

=x(x2) + x(4x) + x(-3) + 2(x2) + 2(4x) + 2(-3)

_
_
= x3 + 4x2
3x + 2x2 + 8x
6

Example 2A: Multiplying Polynomials

Find the product.
(a 3)(2 5a + a2)
Method 1 Multiply horizontally.
(a 3)(a2 5a + 2) Write polynomials in standard form.
Distribute a and then 3.
a(a2) + a(5a) + a(2) 3(a2) 3(5a) 3(2)
a3 5a2 + 2a 3a2 + 15a 6 Multiply. Add exponents.
a3 8a2 + 17a 6

Combine like terms.

Example 2A: Multiplying Polynomials

Find the product.
(a 3)(2 5a + a2)
Method 2 Multiply vertically.
a2 5a + 2
a3
3a2 + 15a 6
a3 5a2 + 2a
a3 8a2 + 17a 6

Write each polynomial in

standard form.
Multiply (a2 5a + 2) by 3.
Multiply (a2 5a + 2) by a, and
align like terms.
Combine like terms.

Example 2B: Multiplying Polynomials

Find the product.
(y2 7y + 5)(y2 y 3)
Multiply each term of one polynomial by each term of
the other. Use a table to organize the products.
y2
y
3
The top left corner is the first
2
4
3
2
y
y
y
3y
term in the product. Combine
terms along diagonals to get
7y 7y3 7y2 21y
the middle terms. The bottom
right corner is the last term in
5 5y2 5y 15
the product.
y4 + (7y3 y3 ) + (5y2 + 7y2 3y2) + (5y + 21y) 15
y4 8y3 + 9y2 + 16y 15

Check It Out! Example 2a

Find the product.
(3b 2c)(3b2 bc 2c2)
Multiply horizontally.

Write polynomials in standard form.

(3b 2c)(3b2 2c2 bc)
Distribute 3b and then 2c.
3b(3b2) + 3b(2c2) + 3b(bc) 2c(3b2) 2c(2c2) 2c(bc)

Multiply.
Add exponents.
Combine like terms.

9b3 6bc2 3b2c 6b2c + 4c3 + 2bc2

9b3 9b2c 4bc2 + 4c3

Check It Out! Example 2b

Find the product.
(x2 4x + 1)(x2 + 5x 2)
Multiply each term of one polynomial by each term of
the other. Use a table to organize the products.
x2
4x
1
The top left corner is the first
2
4
3
2
x x
4x x
term in the product. Combine
terms along diagonals to get
2
5x 5x3 20x 5x
the middle terms. The bottom
right corner is the last term in
2 2x2 8x
2
the product.
x4 + (4x3 + 5x3) + (2x2 20x2 + x2) + (8x + 5x) 2
x4 + x3 21x2 + 13x 2

Example 3: Business Application

A standard Burly Box is p ft by 3p ft by 4p ft. A
large Burly Box has 1.5 ft added to each
dimension. Write a polynomial V(p) in standard
form that can be used to find the volume of a
large Burly Box.
The volume of a large Burly Box is the product of the
area of the base and height. V(p) = A(p) h(p)
The area of the base of the large Burly Box is the
product of the length and width of the box.
A(p) = l(p) w(p)
The length, width, and height of the large Burly Box
are greater than that of the standard Burly Box. l(p)
= p + 1.5, w(p) = 3p + 1.5, h(p) = 4p + 1.5

Example 3: Business Application

Solve A(p) = l(p) w(p).
p + 1.5
3p + 1.5
1.5p + 2.25
3p2 + 4.5p
3p2 + 6p + 2.25

Solve V(p) = A(p) h(p).

3p2 + 6p + 2.25
4p + 1.5
4.5p2 + 9p + 3.375
12p3 + 24p2 + 9p
12p3 + 28.5p2 + 18p + 3.375

The volume of a large Burly Box can be modeled by

V(p) = 12p3 + 28.5p2 + 18p + 3.375

Check It Out! Example 3

Mr. Silva manages a manufacturing plant.
From 1990 through 2005 the number of
units produced (in thousands) can be
modeled by N(x) = 0.02x2 + 0.2x + 3. The
average cost per unit (in dollars) can be
modeled by C(x) = 0.004x2 0.1x + 3.
Write a polynomial T(x) that can be used to
model the total costs.
Total cost is the product of the number of units and
the cost per unit.
T(x) = N(x) C(x)

Check It Out! Example 3

Multiply the two polynomials.
0.02x2 + 0.2x + 3
0.004x2 0.1x + 3
0.06x2 + 0.6x + 9
0.002x3 0.02x2 0.3x
0.00008x4 0.0008x3 0.012x2
0.00008x4 0.0028x3 + 0.028x2 + 0.3x + 9
Mr. Silvas total manufacturing costs, in thousands of
dollars, can be modeled by
T(x) = 0.00008x4 0.0028x3 + 0.028x2 + 0.3x + 9

Example 4: Expanding a Power of a Binomial

Find the product.
(a + 2b)3
(a + 2b)(a + 2b)(a + 2b) Write in expanded form.
(a + 2b)(a2 + 4ab + 4b2)

Multiply the last two

binomial factors.
Distribute a and then 2b.

a(a2) + a(4ab) + a(4b2) + 2b(a2) + 2b(4ab) + 2b(4b2)

a3 + 4a2b + 4ab2 + 2a2b + 8ab2 + 8b3
a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

Check It Out! Example 4a

Find the product.
(x + 4)4
(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4) Write in expanded form.
(x + 4)(x + 4)(x2 + 8x + 16) Multiply the last two
binomial factors.
(x2 + 8x + 16)(x2 + 8x + 16) Multiply the first two
binomial factors.
Distribute x2 and then 8x and then 16.
x2(x2) + x2(8x) + x2(16) + 8x(x2) + 8x(8x) + 8x(16)
+ 16(x2) + 16(8x) + 16(16)
Multiply.
x4 + 8x3 + 16x2 + 8x3 + 64x2 + 128x + 16x2 + 128x + 256

x4 + 16x3 + 96x2 + 256x + 256

Combine like terms.

Check It Out! Example 4b

Find the product.
(2x 1)3
(2x 1)(2x 1)(2x 1)

Write in expanded form.

(2x 1)(4x2 4x + 1)

Multiply the last two

binomial factors.

Distribute 2x and then 1.

2x(4x2) + 2x(4x) + 2x(1) 1(4x2) 1(4x) 1(1)
8x3 8x2 + 2x 4x2 + 4x 1
8x3 12x2 + 6x 1

Multiply.
Combine like terms.

Notice the coefficients of the variables in the final

product of (a + b)3. these coefficients are the numbers
from the third row of Pascal's triangle.

Each row of Pascals triangle gives the coefficients of the

corresponding binomial expansion. The pattern in the table
can be extended to apply to the expansion of any binomial
of the form (a + b)n, where n is a whole number.

This information is formalized by the Binomial

Theorem, which you will study further in Chapter 11.