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SERIES CIRCUITS
A series circuit is a complete circuit that has more
than one electrical load where all of the current has
only one path to flow through all of the loads.
FIGURE 5-3 As current flows through a circuit, the voltage drops in proportion
to the amount of resistance in the circuit. Most, if not all, of the resistance
should occur across the load such as the bulb in this circuit. All of the other
components and wiring should produce little, if any, voltage drop. If a wire or
connection did cause a voltage drop, less voltage would be available to light
the bulb and the bulb would be dimmer than normal.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
FIGURE 5-5 A voltmeter reads the differences of voltage between the test leads. The voltage read
across a resistance is the voltage drop that occurs when current flows through a resistance. A voltage
drop is also called an IR drop because it is calculated by multiplying the current (l) through the
resistance (electrical load) by the value of the resistance (R).
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
FIGURE 5-6 In this series circuit with a 2 ohm resistor and a 4 ohm
resistor, the current (2 amperes) is the same throughout, even though the
voltage drops across each resistor.
SUMMARY
1. In a simple series circuit, the current remains
constant throughout, but the voltage drops as
current flows through the resistances of the circuit.
2. The voltage drop across each resistance or load is
directly proportional to the value of the resistance
compared to the total resistance in the circuit.
3. The sum (total) of the voltage drops equals the
applied voltage (Kirchhoffs voltage law).
4. An open or a break anywhere in a series circuit
stops all current from flowing.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is Kirchhoffs voltage law?
2. What would current (amperes) do if the
voltage were doubled in a circuit?
3. What would current (amperes) do if the
resistance in the circuit were doubled?
4. What is the formula for voltage drop?
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. The amperage in a series circuit is _____.
a) The same anywhere in the circuit
b) Variable in the circuit due to the different resistances
c) High at the beginning of the circuit and decreases as
the current flows through the resistance
d) Always less returning to the battery than leaving the
battery
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. The amperage in a series circuit is _____.
a) The same anywhere in the circuit
b) Variable in the circuit due to the different resistances
c) High at the beginning of the circuit and decreases as
the current flows through the resistance
d) Always less returning to the battery than leaving the
battery
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. The sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit
equals the _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Amperage
Resistance
Source voltage
Wattage
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. The sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit
equals the _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Amperage
Resistance
Source voltage
Wattage
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. If the resistance and the voltage are known, what
is the formula for finding the current (amperes)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
E=IxR
I=ExR
R=ExI
I = E/R
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. If the resistance and the voltage are known, what
is the formula for finding the current (amperes)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
E=IxR
I=ExR
R=ExI
I = E/R
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. A series circuit has three resistors of 6 ohms each.
The voltage drop across each resistor is 4 volts.
Technician A says that the source voltage is 12
volts. Technician B says that the total resistance is
18 ohms. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. A series circuit has three resistors of 6 ohms each.
The voltage drop across each resistor is 4 volts.
Technician A says that the source voltage is 12
volts. Technician B says that the total resistance is
18 ohms. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. If a 12 volt battery is connected to a series circuit
with three resistors of 2 ohms, 4 ohms, and 6
ohms, how much current will flow through the
circuit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 ampere
2 amperes
3 amperes
4 amperes
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. If a 12 volt battery is connected to a series circuit
with three resistors of 2 ohms, 4 ohms, and 6
ohms, how much current will flow through the
circuit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 ampere
2 amperes
3 amperes
4 amperes
CHAPTER QUIZ
6.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
6.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. Technician A says that the sum of the voltage
drops in a series circuit should equal the source
voltage. Technician B says that the current
(amperes) varies depending on the value of the
resistance in a series circuit. Which technician is
correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. Technician A says that the sum of the voltage
drops in a series circuit should equal the source
voltage. Technician B says that the current
(amperes) varies depending on the value of the
resistance in a series circuit. Which technician is
correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
8.
Two light bulbs are wired in series and one bulb burns out
(opens). Technician A says that the other bulb will work.
Technician B says that the current will increase in the
circuit because one electrical load (resistance) is no longer
operating. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
8.
Two light bulbs are wired in series and one bulb burns out
(opens). Technician A says that the other bulb will work.
Technician B says that the current will increase in the
circuit because one electrical load (resistance) is no longer
operating. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
9.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
9.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. Three light bulbs are wired in series. A fourth bulb
is connected to the circuit in series. Technician A
says that the total voltage drop will increase.
Technician B says that the current (amperes) will
decrease. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. Three light bulbs are wired in series. A fourth bulb
is connected to the circuit in series. Technician A
says that the total voltage drop will increase.
Technician B says that the current (amperes) will
decrease. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
END