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Region II:
600
Region V:
3200
Region VIII:
1400
Region IV-B:
350
Region VI:
900
2008
Region VII:
800
Region IX:
650
ARMM:
CARAGA:
450
Region X:
600
Region XII:
1200
Region XI:
1300
No . Of
Cases
Rate/100,000
population
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
557,780
780,199
605,471
670,231
690,566
612.6
871.8
718.0
828.8
828.0
2009
Total Enrolled
Subjects
Clinical
Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Incidence
Rate/100,000
PGH
PCMC
RITM
1243
2247
2450
1117
(89.8%)
1898
(84.4%)
1685
(68.7%)
4,725
2,353
3,111
Bravo, Santos, Capeding et al
Submitted for Publication
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Pneumonia,
neonatal
Pneumonia
Pneumonia, severe
Died
1 (4.7%)
Total
21
9 (6.5%) 137
20
817
(2.4%)
Pneumonia, very
78
605
severe
(12.8%)
Lupisan et al Asia-Africa Congress
on Emerging and Reemerging Infections
Mortality
Rate
26.4%
1,580
Kobe, Japan January 2012
RSV
37%
Parainfluenz
a
17%
Mixed
Viral/bacterial
23%
Others
17%
Adenov
13%
S. pneumo
15%
H
influenza
e
21%
S
typhi
14%
Bacteria; 11%
Viral; 27%
No Pathogens Found; 62%
S. aureus
K. pneumoniae
S. viridans
A. anitratum
Viral
Pathogens
Parainfluenza
Influenza A and B
7%
24%
40%
36%
22%
70%
Hib/PCV Era
Bacteria; 6%
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Others
S. aureus
MRSA
S. typhi
Viral; 38%
RSV 14%
Rhino-A 7%
Rhino-C 6%
hMPV* 3.3%
Others
Influenza A (H1N1)
Influenza A/B
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza
1% 8%
19%
72%
PCAP A
Minimal
risk
PCAP B
Low risk
PCAP C
Moderate
Risk
PCAP D
High risk
1. Co-morbid
illnessb
None
Present
Present
Present
2. Compliant
caregiverc
Yes
Yes
No
No
3. Ability to
follow upc
Possible
Possible
Not
possible
Not
possible
4. Presence of
dehydrationd
None
Mild
Moderate
Severe
5. Ability to
feed
Able
Able
Unable
Unable
6. Age
> 11 mo
>11 mo
<11 mo
<11 mo
50/min
40/min
30/min
>50/min
>40/min
>30/min
>60/min
>50/min
>35min
>70/min
>50/min
>35min
7. Respiratory
ratee
2-12
months
1-5 years
>5 years
PCAP A
PCAP B
Minimal risk Low risk
8. Signs of
resp failure
a. Retraction
None
PCAP C
Moderate
Risk
PCAP D
High risk
None
Intercostal/
Subcostal
None
None
None
None
Awake
Present
Present
None
None
Irritable
Supraclavic
ular/interco
stal/
Subcostal
Present
Present
Present
Present
Lethargic/
Stuporous/
comatose
9.
None
Complicattion
s
[effusion,
pneumothorax
]
None
Present
Present
ACTION PLAN
OPDF
Follow-
Admit to
regular
Admit to a
critical care
b. Head
bobbing
c. Cyanosis
d. Grunting
e. Apnea
f. Sensorium
None
None
None
None
Awake
OPDF
Follow-up at
Ampicillin IV
4. PCAP D
Refer to Specialist
% RESISTANCE
100
80
60
40
20
0
21.1
5.9
CHL
0
PEN
SXT
the
90s