CLIMATE

RESPONSIVE
ARCHITECTURE
Guidance:
Prof. Binit Kumar

Presented by:

Mithilesh Mandal
114AR0006

Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
114AR0024

Climate

Hot andHumid

Hot and dry

Composite

Location

15 N-15 S

15-30 N & S

Near tropic of
Cancer and
Capricon

27-32 C

43-49 C

32-43 C(dry)
27-32 C(wet)

10-18 C(cool
season)
27-32 C(dry
season)

21-27 C(dry)
24-27 C(wet)

Temperatur
e

Day

Night 21-29 C

Humidity

55-100%

10%-55%

20%-55%(dry)
55%-90%(wet)

Vapour Pressure

2500-3500 N/m

750-1500 N/m

1300-1600
N/m
(dry)
2000-2500
N/m
(wet)

Precipitation(annu
al)

2000-5000 mm

50mm

500-1300 mm

Sky condition

850-7000 cd/m

1700-2500 cd/m

Varies with
seasons

HOT AND DRY

Flat roof - is used because of sandstorms not obstruct the wind
flow
Pitch roof - should be built as double layers
Small windows - to prevent sand and dust from entering the house
Thick wall the entering of heat into the house during daytime
become slower and at night the cold air push the warm air to flow
outside and the building is maintained cold (ie: pyramid)
Concrete houses are built
Colors of the buildings - light / bright
Materials - crack and break up cause by high daytime temperature
and rapid cooling at night

HOT AND DRY

HOT AND HUMID

Wall - is still warm at night because of the high solar radiation during
the day
Pitch roof - is used act as a buffer to reduce the entering of heat into
the house
Gutters are built
Plastered single layer wall to prevent heat captured in the house
Window hoods and balcony - to reduce the entering of solar
radiation and daylight into the house
More windows and the opening are wide
Aprons - to prevent dirt on the wall
Wide doors wind shaft is built to enable heated air go outside
Ceiling (high ceiling) to prevent direct heat into the house

HOT AND HUMID

COMPOSITE
Courtyard type buildings are very suitable
A moderate dense, low rise development
Large projecting eaves and wide verandahs are needed in the
warm-humid season as out door living areas - to reduce sky glare,
keep out the rain and provide shade
Shading devices should preferably be of low thermal capacity
Roof and external walls - constructed of solid masonry and
concrete.
Resistance insulation - placed at the outside surfaces of external
walls or roofs.
Large openings in opposite walls - preferably with solid shutters.

COMPOSITE

SHELTER DESIGNING
Case Study - I
Case Study II
Case Study III
Case Study -IV

CASE STUDY - I
Hot and dry climate
OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES.

Courtyard or patio
White colored walls (cool colours reduce heat reflection ).
Arrangement of the houses in is very closely packed to each other.
Vegetation (reduces the temperature, filters the dust in and around the house,
elevates the humidity level may reduce as well as increase the wind speed) .
Small openings
Double roof or white single roof
Thick walls
Big basin to collect rainwater
Louvered windows pergolas a water body

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - II
HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Resisting heat gain

Promoting heat loss
Landform and Waterbodies
Open spaces and built form
Orientation and Planform
cross-ventilation.
Semiopen spaces
Building Envelope
Fenestration

CASE STUDY - II
Project details
Designers: Andrew Spiers (homeowner) and
David Bridgman, MODE DESIGN
Builder: Garrett Homes
Engineer: Elisha Harris, Qantec-McWilliam
Size: Approx. 177m2; 2 bedroom
Size of land: 80 hectares

CASE STUDY - II
Site, location and climate
Darwin River is a largely wooded rural suburb some

65km south-east of Darwin.

The house is sited in the western half of the block,

away from the river, on the highest point to make the

most of seasonal winds: south-easterlies in the dry
and north-westerlies in the wet.
The

Top Ends tropical climate has high humid

summers and warm winters, with mean maximum
temperatures of 32C and a mean minimum of
23.2C. In the wet season, from November to April,
mean January rainfall is 423.8mm; in the dry season,
from May to October, rainfall drops to 1.2mm in July.

During the wet season the region is prone to cyclone

activity, heavy monsoonal downpours and flooding.

The fire season occurs during the dry, from late
autumn through to late spring.

CASE STUDY - II
Design response
The home has a high-pitched roof that minimises sun

exposure and creates a cathedral ceiling to maximise air

circulation. Vents in the roof ridge and apex exhaust heat.
The roof is clad with steel and lined with insulation with an
air gap to act as an additional insulative barrier to heat
exchange.
This home is built entirely with steel which has a low

thermal mass. The home and outdoor living area are

shaded year-round by the roof and eaves
The home has been orientated west-south-west/east-north-

east to capture breezes common to this site The design

makes the most of passive cooling principles. The crossshaped plan ensures the home is only one room wide
throughout to encourage cross ventilation. Solid internal
walls have been placed on a north-west/south-east axis so
they increase natural ventilation by not obstructing air
paths
Windows are fitted with roller shutters to protect the house

from fire or storm damage.

CASE STUDY - II

CASE STUDY - III

COMPOSITE CLIMATE COLD AND DRY
OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Resisting heat gain

Decrease exposed surface area by orientation and shape of the building.
Providing roof insulation and east and west wall insulation.
Increase shading on east and west walls by overhangs, fins and trees.
Increase surface reflectivity by using light-coloured textures.
Encourage ventilation by locating windows properly.
Increase air exchange rate with the help of courtyardS and Arrangement of
openings.

CASE STUDY - III

Degree college and hill
council, Leh, India

Located in Leh, in upper Himalayas,

the degree college and hill council
have been built within a cold and
dry climate.
The building required to be heated
almost throughout the year. It has
long winter from October to April .

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY - IV
COMPOSITE CLIMATE COLD AND CLOUDY
OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLESExposed surface areas are reduced by careful orientation and shape of building.
Wall and roof insulation and double glazing
Thicker walls.
Providing air locks and lobbies darker colours inside as well as outside.
Reduce shading on walls and glazed portions.
Utilise heat from appliances and provide thermal storage mass like trombe wall, mass wall
etc.
Sunspace and solarium with day-lighting strategies.
Skylightsdomed or pyramid shapedwith baffles to control glare are more efficient.
Glazing area should be 3 to 9 per cent of the floor area to provide adequate lighting levels.

CASE STUDY - IV
H.P. STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK
BUILDING, SHIMLA
Location : Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Climate : Cold and Cloudy
Brief description of building : This building is a

ground and three-storeyed structure with its

longer axis facing the east-west direction. The
smaller northern wall faces the prevailing
winter winds from the north-eastern direction.

CASE STUDY - IV
South-facing Trombe wall and

sunspace heats up the interior

South-facing solar collectors on

the roof provide warm air, which

is circulated by means of ducts
North face is protected by a

cavity wall that insulates the

building from prevailing winter
winds
Western wall is provided with

insulation as well as double

glazing

CASE STUDY - IV
Daylighting is enhanced by

providing light shelves.

Skylight on the terrace also

provides daylighting
Air lock lobbies are provided to

reduce air exchange

CASE STUDY-IV

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REFERENC
ES

THE BEST WAY TO

PREDICT THE FUTURE IS
TO DESIGN IT .
-BUCKMINISTER FULLERIN
THANK YOU !