Crossing Over

Genetic Recombination

http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/genome3.html

Overview

Who, What, When, Where, Why

Basics
Example
Summary

Who Does Crossing-Over

Effect?
Eukaryotes
Limited in Prokaryotes

What is Crossing Over?

The exchange of chromosomal
segments between two nonsister chromatids

CrossingOver

Ref: http://gnn.tigr.org/whats_a_genome/Chp3_2.shtml

When Does it Happen?

During Prophase I of Meiosis
Remember the differences between
Mitosis and Meiosis?

Meiosis increases genetic diversity in a species

Mitosis creates genetically identical daughter cells

Where does Crossing Over

Occur?
Genetic swapping occurs
between paired homologous
chromosomes in our sex cells
The Egg and Sperm

Egg and Sperm

Chromosomes pair
Chromosomes may swap genetic material
New genetic material has been acquired
from the other homologue
NOTE: Genes that have a tendency to
remain together during crossing over are
said to be linkedwe will talk about this
concept during Crossing Over Basics
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HomologousChromosomesExchangingDNA
byCrossingOver

From:http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/M/Meiosis.html#crossing_over

Why Does Crossing Over

Occur?
To provide genetic variation
during meiosis

BOTTOM LINE
Its Why You and I Dont
Look Alike
Crossing Over ensures a
combination of the maternal and
paternal genes we inherited

The History of Crossing

Over

Linkage
Gregor Mendel, 1823-1884
Patterns of Inheritance

Carl Correns, 1900s

Gene Linkage
Alfred Sturtevant
http://zygote.swarthmore.edu/cleave1.html
http://www.library.villanova.edu/html2/blueprints/feb01index.html
http://www.oeaw.ac.at/biblio/Archiv/Mendel/mendel.html
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Crossing Over Basics

Crossing Over Basics

Occurs at One or More Points Along
Adjacent Homologues during Synapsis
Points contact each other
DNA is Exchanged
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/cross3.jpg

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Ref:AccessExcellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/crossing.html

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Crossing Over Basics

Gene Mapping

Tracking crossing over helps determine where

genes are located on the chromosome
Genes that are far apart have a GREATER
chance of crossing over
Genes that are closer have a LESS LIKELY
chance of crossing over
Genes that stay together are said to be LINKED
One gene can be identified as a MARKER that can
infer the presence of the other gene

This can be used in identifying disease predisposition

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Crossing Over Basics

Gene Mapping
Tracking crossing over helps determine
where genes are located on the
chromosome
Genes that are far apart have a
GREATER chance of crossing over
Genes that are closer have a LESS
LIKELY chance of crossing over
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Genes get shuffled when

chromosomes exchange pieces
Watch an animation of crossing over with an explanation
of how the concept was discovered at
http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/11/concept/index.html
This web site was produced by the
Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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Summary

Who, What, When, Where, Why

History
Basics
Example
Summary
From: http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/M/Meiosis.html#crossing_over

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