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SYNTHESIS
Heuristics
Introduction
Heuristics
Instructional Objectives
When you have finished studying this unit, you should:
1
C2H4 + -2 O2 CH2 - CH2
O
OH
(R.1)
OH
(R.2)
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CH2CH2 + 2NaCl
(R.3)
O
CH2 - CH2 + CO2
C
O
(R.4)
CH2 CH2
5
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Distribution of Chemicals
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2:
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or after reaction...
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10
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12
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Kinetic data
Reaction
ko
E/R (oR)
Btu/lbmole
lbmole/(hr ft atm )
206,000
13,600
-79,200
11.7
3,430
-91,800
4.6 x 108
21,300
13
HR
-4,800
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1.02E-03
1.01E-03
1.00E-03
9.90E-04
9.80E-04
9.70E-04
9.60E-04
-0.4
ln(k)
-0.8
-1.2
ln(k1)
ln(k2)
-1.6
ln(k3)
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15
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HOAc
Reaction
zone
MeOH
H2O
16
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Separations
Heuristic 9: Separate liquid mixtures using distillation,
stripping, enhanced distillation, liquid-liquid
extraction, crystallization and/or adsorption.
Ref: Douglas (1988)
17
Select from
distillation,
enhanced
distillation,
stripping towers,
liquid-liquid
extraction,
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Separations (Contd)
Heuristic 10:Attempt to condense or partially condense vapor
mixtures with cooling water.Then, use Heuristic 9.
Ref: Douglas (1988)
Attempt to cool
reactor
products using
cooling water
18
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Separations (Contd)
Heuristic 11:Separate vapor mixtures using partial
condensation, cryogenic distillation, absorption ,
adsorption, and membrane separation .
Ref: Douglas (1988)
Combination of the
previous two
flowsheets
19
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22
23
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24
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25
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an inert diluent
cold shots.
29
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30
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35
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Cp
T1 P2
k 1
1 , a
THp SCFM
,k
8130
a
P
k
Cv
1
T1 inlet temp. ( o R) , P1 & P2 inlet and outlet press. (abs)
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T2 T1
P1
When using a compressor, the gas theoretical
exit temperature should not exceed approximately 375F. This corresponds to a compression
ratio of 4 for k = 1.4 and T2 = 375F. When the
exit gas temperature exceeds the limit, a single
gas compression step cannot be used. Instead, a
multistage compression system, with
intercoolers between each stage, must be
employed. Each intercooler cools the gas back
down to approximately 100F.
39
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42
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T2 T1
P1
Heuristic 42: Estimate the theoretical horsepower (THp) for
reducing the pressure a liquid from:
THp = (gpm)(pressure decrease, psi)/1,714
43
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P2
P1
V dP
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45
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