Statistics and

Probability

With 5 members each

group, create a bubble
map defining
STATISTICS and
PROBABILITY in 10
minutes!

What is STATISTICS?
- is a discipline which is concerned with:

designing experiments and other

data collection;
summarizing information to aid
understanding;
drawing conclusions from data;
and
estimating the present or
predicting the future.

What is STATISTICS?
- a branch of mathematics that
deals with the theory and method of
collecting, presenting, analyzing,
and interpreting data.

Two main divisions of

Statistics
1. Descriptive Statistics
2. Inferential Statistics

Descriptive Statistics
One Apple
Tree

COUNT: 500
RED APPLE:300
GREEN APPLE:
200
RED: 60 %
GREEN: 40%

Inferential Statistics

Five Apple
Tree
Count: 1000
Red Apple: 703
Green Apple:
297
Red : 70.3%
Green: 29.7%

Inferential Statistics
Questions:
1. How close?
2. How confident?

Inferential Statistics
1. How close?
- how close is your measured
value to the true value.

70.3 % 3%

Inferential Statistics
2. How confident?
- how close is your measured
value to the true value.

70.3 % 3%

67.3 %

73.3 %

Inferential Statistics
How confident?
- What %
- Random Samples
- Population

What is Descriptive
Statistics?
- refers to the :
collection;
organization;
presentation;
computation; and
interpretation of data in order to
describe the samples under
investigation.

- provide a concise summary

of data.
- data can be summarized
numerically or graphically.

For example:
The manager calculates the
following numeric descriptive
statistics:
Statistic

Sample value

Mean

6.2 minutes

Standard deviation

1.5 minutes

Range

3 to 10 minutes

N (sample size)

50

Descriptive Statistics
(cont.)
The manager examines the following
graphs to visualize the wait times:

Histogram of wait times

Boxplot of wait times

What is Inferential
Statistics?
- is a statistical tool that seeks to
give information or inferences or
implications pertaining to the
populations by studying its
representative samples.
- use a random sample of data
taken from a population to
describe and make inferences
about the population.

What is Population in
Statistics?
- defined as the totality of objects,
individuals, or reactions, which have
common observable characteristics.
Examples of Population
SHS teachers in Dadiangas North
High School
Employees of a company
Books published by a publishing
company

What is Sampling Method?

- it refers to the method of getting
a small but representative crosssection of the population. This
representative is called sample.

When to use Sampling

Method?

-used when the mass of data

is too great to be handled.

Uses and importance of

Statistics in the fields of:
Education
Business and Economics
Science & Technology
Psychology
Government
Researches and Studies

What is Variable?
- it refers to observable
characteristics or phenomena of a
person or object whereby the
members of the group or set to
vary or differ from one another.
- it has the capacity of taking
different values representing a
certain a certain category.

Examples of Variable
Weight
Height
Sex
Year level
Age
IQ
Achievement test scores

What are the two types of

variables?

DISCRETE VARIABLES
refer to variables that can
be obtained through
counting like the number
of deaths, births,
students, and marriages
at any given time.

CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
refer to variables whose
values can never be
exact no matter what we
do in getting the
measurement. Examples
are age, height, weight,
temperature, volumes,
areas, time.

Variables can be grouped into

two:

1. Independent Variable
2. Dependent Variable

Independent Variable

- is used as experimental
or predictor if the
objective is to predict the
value of one variable on
the basis of the other.

Dependent Variable

- a variable whose value

is predicted.
- sometimes called an
outcome variable.