Presented to

Maam Yasmeen Zafar

Presented by
Mahnoor

Niazi
Shehza Fayyaz
Arooj Shabbir
Dua Arif

Roll No.
2K15-EE-27
2K15-EE-33
2K15-EE-52
2K15-EE-23

Topic Name

Proposal
Writing

Introduction
Proposal is an
act of presenting a
plan or suggestion
that is presented
to a person or
group of people to
consider for their
benefit.

Introduction

It means it is a document that request

support , support usually for the money
on the work the proposal wants to do . It
is an offer of product or any other
service that is provided by one party to
another party for exchange of money.

Business proposal
A business proposal is a written proposal
presented from a vendor that is intended
to elicit business from a prospective buyer

Research proposal
A written statement of the research
design that includes a statement
explaining the purpose of the study .You
should mention about why and how the
research will be conducted

 Format for writing research

proposal
Content
Title of the proposal
Abstract
Statement of the problem
Questions
Theoretical framework
Literature review

Methodology
Discussion
Wrap up with a conclusion
References

Title of a proposal

The title of proposal

should be written in
capital bold letters .

Abstract

Abstract is the brief summary of the

entire proposal . It is different from the
thesis statement as it can summarizes
the entire proposal . Use the brief
summary of your interpretations and
conclusions . It can highlights the
proposal major headings which is as
below.

Research questions
.Research design
.Theoretical framework
.Instrumentation
. Sampling
method
.
Data

Statement of the problem

You should begin with social
proof so that the reader can
relate it to their similar
solution. You should inform
them with the background of
the problem .

Questions
After informing about the
background
information ,
you have to arise questions
about the problem . So, that
the reader can clear all the
confusions in his mind
which can be arise .
2. Remember that the goal of
your research is to find the
answer of your research
question. Make sure that the
question reflects your goal
in its words and phrasing .
1.

Theoretical framework
In this section you have to
give all guide lines and
explanation of the proposed
plan. It is important to
determine what theories
and ideas exists in relations
.
By presenting this
information you Frame
your research and show
that you are knowledgeable
about the key concepts ,
theories and models that
relate to your topic .

Keep Elements style in mind

Depending on your proposal and by
thinking that who will be reading it , you
need to cater your prepare to fit a certain
style . You can mention emotional appeals
but should always rely on facts as the
bedrock of the argument. Dont use
complex language . Write in plain and
direct language as possible as you can .

Literature Review
A literature review is a text of a scholarly
paper, which includes the current
knowledge including substantive findings
as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic .

 A literature review
Situates your research focus within
the context of the wider academic
community in your field.
Reports your critical review of the
relevant literature .
Identifies a gap within that literature
that your research will attempt to
address .

It is important showcase
of your talents of
Understanding
Interpretation
Analysis
Synthesis
Clarity of thoughts
Development of
arguments
When we writing the
literature review it is wise
to separate the various
studies one finds into
different categories.

Literature review
The literature review
provides the background
for the proposed plan
and should prove that
how much your topic is
important
from
the
literature point of view .
By explaining this your
audience will be satisfy
that
you
are
knowledgeable about the
scope of the theory .

Methodology
A system of methods used
in a particular area of study .
It is also for investigating the
concept of focal points.
Methodology is not a formula
but a set of practices . For
example
You could explain the
reasons for its using ;
A certain theory
Quantitative and
Qualitative research
Surveys and field studies
Certain dependant or
independent research

Methodology
This is the most important section in which proposer of the
plan explain each step . The experiments will take in order to
proceed in his proposed plan .

 It is vital to include the

following subheadings while
expanding on them in as
much detail as possible ;

1. Research Design
Include the proposed
research design of the study ,
whether it is a survey ,
experiment , observations ,
secondary data of analysis,
etc .Briefly discuss how the
data will be administered and
collected including how the
subjects will participate in the
study.

2. Sampling
This section include an
expanding discussion
of the sample .
Discuss the population
under consideration .
Give the sampling
method to be used .
List the elements that
will be characteristic
of the sample .

Instrumentation
3.Outline
the
instruments that will
be used including any
and all surveys ,
interviews and
observation grids .
Discuss how the
instrument will
measure the studys
dependent and
independent
variables .

Authentic reasons

The reasons that are

causing the
problem must be real.
It should not be fake.
Otherwise it will make
doubts
in
readers
minds .
The reader should be
satisfy
by
the
proposers.

Proposed Solution
In this section , you propose
solutions
about
the
problem
that
have
widespread effects more
likely to speak enthusiasm
in readers.
a) Feasible and adequate
solution
A feasible solution
is a set of decision
variables that satisfy all of
the
constraint
and
adequate means as much
as
good
for
some

b ) Outcomes and deliverable

Your solution must contain objectives.
1.Outcomes
Outcomes are the quantifiable results
of your objectives .
2. Deliverables
It is described a tangible or
intangible object produced as a result of the
object that is intented to be delivered to a
customer.

Include a schedule and budget

Budget
Your proposal represents an investment and
give as much detail as you can about budget .
The proposed budget must give an accurate
assessment
of
all
cost
items
during
performance of proposal.

Schedule
you should also make the
people aware about the
schedule of your proposal .
It should be about whether
you have achieved your
goals and done the things
necessary to win and when
you
are starting your
project and at what place
will it progress . Arising all
these questions will ensure
the readers that they are
not wasting their money .
Your proposal must be in
financial
range
of
company .

Wrap up with a conclusion

Your conclusion is your
opportunity to sum up
your main points and
leave your reader with a
clear sense of what to
take away from your
overall essays .
Points to avoid
conclusion ;
New information
Personal opinion
Lots of detail

Summarize the
benefits of your
proposal and you have
to make sure your
readers that the
outcome of the plan that
you have proposed will
outweigh the coasts and
they will not be regret
on the money they
invest .