MILITARY RADAR

WHAT IS RADAR ??
RAdio Detection And Ranging
An Object Detection System that transmits the
electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes
coming from the objects
German inventor Christian Hlsmeyer built a simple
ship detection device intended to help avoid collisions
in fog which worked in a short distance

Basic Parts and Design of RADAR

Transmitter
Duplexer
Receiver
Radar Antenna
Indicator

RADAR EQUATION
The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is given by
the equation:

(PtGAe)
_________
Pr =
2 4
(4) R

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RADAR SYSTEM

DIFFERENT KIND OF RADARS.

Simple Pulse
Radar

DIFFERENT KIND OF RADARS.

MovingTarget
Indication
(MTI) Radar

DIFFERENT KIND OF RADARS.

Pulse Doppler
radar

DIFFERENT KIND OF RADARS.

Frequency-modulated
Continuous-wave (FM-CW)
Radar:

APPLICATION OF RADAR IN DEFENCE FIELD

Ground Surveillance Radar

Air defense radars

Air Traffic Control Radar

Missile Control Radar

Navigational based Radars

Indian Doppler RADAR (INDRA)

The Indian Doppler Radar (INDRA) series of 2D radars were developed

by India's DRDO for the Army and Air Force.

INDRA-I is a 2D mobile surveillance radar for low level target detection.

The radar is housed in two wheeled vehicles. Some of the main features
are automated Track While Scan(TWS), integrated IFF and high scan rate
for high speed target detection.

INDRA-II is a variant of INDRA radar for ground controlled interception

of targets. The radar uses pulse compression for detection of low flying
aircraft in heavy ground clutter with high range resolution and ECCM
capabilities.

INDRA-II

Features
Frequency agility
Pulse compression
Advanced signal processing using MTD and CFAR Techniques
Track while scan for 2-D tracking
Full tracking capabilities for maneuvering targets
Multicolour PPI Raster Scan Display, presenting both MTI and Synthetic
Video
Ease of transportation and fast deployment

System characteristics
Range up to 90 km (for small sized fighter aircraft)
Height coverage 35 m to 3000 m subject to radar horizon
Probability of detection : 90% (Single scan)
Probability of false alarm: 10%
Track While Scan (TWS) for 2D tracking
Capability to handle 200 tracks
Association of primary and secondary targets
Automatic target data transmission to a digital modem/networking of
radars
Deployment time of about 60 minutes

ADVANTAGES OF MILITARY RADARS

All-weather day and night capability.
Multiple target handling and engagement capability.
Short and fast reaction time between target detection and ready to fire
moment.
Easy to operate and hence low manning requirements and stress reduction
under severe conditions
Highly mobile system, to be used in all kind of terrain
Flexible weapon integration, and unlimited number of single air defence
weapons can be provided with target data.

DISADVANTAGES

Time - Radar can take up to 2 seconds to lock on

Radar has wide beam spread (50 ft diameter over 200 ft range).

Cannot track if deceleration is greater than one mph.

Large targets close to radar can saturate receiver.

Hand-held modulation can falsify readings.

CONCLUSION
Military radars are one of the most important
requirements during the wartime, which can be used
for early detection of ballistic missile and also for
accurate target detection and firing.
Radar system discussed here has a built in threat
evaluation program which automatically puts the
target in a threat sequence, and advises the weapon
crew which target can be engaged first.

REFERENCE
Radartutorial.eu
Wikipedia.com
mgitecetech.wordpress.com

THANK
YOU