TRANSLATION

Definition
The

Process of
Translation
Translation Procedures

Definition

Translation, as a process, is always unidirectional, namely it is always performed in a

given directional from a Source Language (SL)
into a Target Language (TL).

What is translation?
John Catford (1965): the replacement of a textual material
in one language (SL) by an equivalent textual material in
another language (TL).
Nida and Taber (1969): translating consists of reproducing
in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of
the source language message, first in terms of meaning
and second in terms of style.

Translation equivalence could be in the rank of

word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for
sentence and so on

Rain
=
Rainy Season =
Rainy season starts in
January =

Hujan
Musim Hujan
Musim hujan mulai
pada bulan Januari

Since words sometimes have more than one

meaning, their translation equivalent could be a
problem unless they are used in context (phrase,
sentence or paragraph)

Plane.?
A new plane?
The carpenter has a new plane?
The carpenter has a new plane to make the
wood smooth.

A word used in idiomatic phrases would puzzle

you even more

Cat
To bell the cat

=
=

To let the cat out of the

bag
=
A cat and dog life =

Kucing
Melakukan sesuatu
yang berbahaya
Membuka rahasia
Kehidupan yang
penuh pertengkaran

The Process of Translation

Translation

Elements
Translation Process
Translation Technique
Evaluating Translation

Translation Elements
-

Generally speaking, translation is a form of

communication. It involves six elements:
Author of the source text
Source text
Readers of the source text
Translator
Translated text
Readers of the translated text

Translation Elements
Readers of the
Source text

Author

Source
text

Translator

Translated
Text

Readers of the
Translated text

Translation Process

According to Branwell (1984), translation

process covers two stages:

1. Understanding the source test

2. Expressing the message into the target
language

Translation Process
Text of the
Target language

Text of the
Source language

Understanding
Meaning

Reproducing the
meaning

Meaning
Translator

Translation Technique

Word to word
translation

Literal Translation

Free Translation

She teaches grade

four = Dia mengajar
kelas empat
She is a very good
teacher = Dia guru
yang sangat baik
Time is flying without
we know it = Tanpa
terasa waktu berlalu
begitu cepatnya

Evaluating Translation

According to Barnwell (1984), good translation

should meet the following requirements:

1.

Accuracy = meanings are reproduced accurately

Clarity = meanings are expressed in TL clearly
Naturalness = the translated text is acceptable
for readers

2.
3.

Translation Procedures

Adding
Substracting

Substracting+adapting

Saya

guru

am

teacher

Saya

kembali

ke

rumah

returned

home

Paul

is

bookworm

Paul

kutubuku

Translation Procedures

Adding+ Adapting

Adding +
Untranslatable

Perlu

diketahui

bahwa

Its

necessary

to know

that

Saya

mau

Jaran
kepang

want

to

Jaran
kepang