THERMOGRAP

HY
BY :SOHIT
KUMAR
CHAUHAN

THE BASICS
NEAR INFRARED
MID INFRARED
THERMAL
INFRARED

ATOMS
TWO ENERGY ORBITALS
LOW ENERGY ORBITAL
HIGH ENERGY ORBITAL
ELECTRON MOVES TO
HIGHER ORBIT
WHEN COMES BACK
RELEASES
ENERGY
AS PHOTON

THERMAL ENERGY
Thermal images, or Thermograms,
are actually visual displays of the
amount of infrared energy emitted,
transmitted, and reflected by an
object.
Incident Energy = Emitted Energy
+ Transmitted Energy + Reflected
Energy
Second law of thermodynamics and
Emissivity

RADIATIVE HEAT EXCHANGE

EMISSIVITY
Emissivity is a term representing a
material's ability to emit thermal radiation

THERMAL IMAGING
SYSTEM

INFRARED TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT

MODERN INFRARED
THERMOMETER

Planck's Equation shows, the peak

energy shifts towards shorter
wavelengths as the temperature
increases.

TWO COLOR
THERMOMETRY

TYPES OF INFRARED
DETECTORS
COOLED INFRARED
UNCOOLED INFRARED
DETECTOR

Use a sensor operating

at
ambient
temperature.
Cooling
is
not
necessary.
Use sensors that work
by
the
change
of
resistance, voltage or
current when heated by
infrared radiation.

DETECTOR
Use sensors with

operating range from

4k to just below room
temperature.
The cooling is
necessary for the
operation of the
semiconductor
materials used.
Use sensors that work
by catching IR
radiations.

UNCOOLED INFRARED
DETECTOR

COOLED INFRARED DETECTOR

Do not require bulky,

expensive cryogenic
coolers
They are smaller and less
costly.
Materials used for
uncooled infrared
detection are
vanadium(V) oxide
lanthanum barium
manganite
amorphous silicon
lead zirconate titanate(PZT)
Lanthanum doped lead
zirconate titanate

Require cryogenic
coolers for cooling.
They are expensive both
to produce and to run.
Materials used for
cooled infrared
detection are
indium antimonide
indium arsenide
mercury cadmium
telluride
lead sulfide
lead selenide

ADVANTAGES
It shows a visual picture
It is capable of catching moving targets in
real time
It is able to find deteriorating
It can be used to measure or observe in
areas inaccessible or hazardous for other
methods
It is a non-destructive test method
It can be used to find defects

DISADVANTAGES
high price range
Images can be difficult to interpret accurately
when based upon certain objects
Accurate temperature measurements are
hindered by
differing emissivities and
reflections from other surfaces
Most cameras have 2% accuracy or worse
Only able to directly detect surface
temperatures

APPLICATIONS
Condition monitoring
Digital infrared thermal imaging in health care
Thermology
Veterinary Thermal Imaging
Night vision
Research
Process control
Nondestructive testing
Surveillance in security, law enforcement and
defence
Chemical imaging
Volcanology
Building

Condition monitoring

In health care

Process control
Manufacturing

Steel Ladle

Veterinary Thermal Imaging

Defence

Surveillance in security

REFERENCES
Rogalski A. and Chrzanowski K. 2002,
Infrared Devices and Techniques,
Contributed Paper: Opto-electronics
Review
Darling, Charles R.; "Pyrometry. A Practical
Treatise on the Measurement of High
Temperatures." Published by E.&F.N. Spon
Ltd. London. 1911
www.wikipedia. org
www.howstuffworks.com

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