DEFINITE INTEGRAL

MATH22
Calculus2

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
define and interpret definite integral,
identify and distinguish the different properties of the definite
integrals; and
evaluate definite integrals with accuracy.

THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

If f x is continuous from x a to x b, inclusive, and this

interval is divided into n equal parts by thepoints, x a, x1,
b a
x2,.....,xn1 and x b, such that the increment x
,
n
then the definite integral of f(x)dxbetween the limits
x a andx b is
b
f(a)x f(x1) x f(x2) x ..... f(xn1) x
af(x)dx nlim

F(x) b
a
F(b) F(a)

where: dF(x) f(x)dx

- PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

a. Order of Integration: If a>b,

f ( x ) dx f ( x) dx then,
b

provided f(x) is defined in the closed interval [a,b]

a

b. Zero with Interval : a f ( x ) dx 0

c. Constant Multiple:

kf ( x)dx k

d. Sum and Difference:

f ( x)dx

f ( x) g ( x) dx
b

f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
a

d. Additivity: If f(x) is continuous function in the closed interval

c
b
[a,b] where a<c<b, then, b

f ( x)dx f ( x)dx f ( x)dx

a

-To find the definite integral of the given function, we need two
things:
1. Find the indefinite integral (antiderivative) F of f , and
b
2. Solve for F(b)-F(a), which is equal to f ( x. ) dx
a

-that means substitute the upper limit to all the variable

contained in the indefinite integral minus the function
value of the indefinite integral using the lower limit of
integration.

Examples: Evaluate the following definite integrals

1

1. 7 dx

9. y y 1 dy

1
2
0

2. t 2 dt
1

3. 4 x 3 2 x 10 dx
0

4. y 3
1

5.

6.

3x 1 7 dx

11. 5 x 2 7 x 5 dx
5

12. y 2 1 y 3 dy
0

dt

m2 2
13.
dm
4
1
m
3
x

4
14.2
1 dx

3 2
3

7. xdx xdx
4

8. ( 2 x 1) dx ( 2 x 1) dx
0

10.

(3 x 1)(2 x 3) dx
1

1
2
1

y dy

15.

x 2 25
dx
x5

Integration of Absolute Value Function

x if x 0
Re call x
x if x 0

Example:
(1st solution)

x dx
2 0

x

2

x dx

2 5

x dx

(3) 2 (5) 2
x
0
0

2 0
2
2

3
9 25

2 2
17

To find the limit:

x if x 0
x
x if x 0

-3 -2 -1 0

1 2 3 4 5

x<0
x0
2nd solution: Let f(x)=x
so, f(-3)=3
f (0)=0
f (5)=5

ordered pairs (x,y)

(-3,3)
(-0,0)
( 5,5)

Plot the set of coordinates.

1
9
A1 (3)(3)
2
2
(5,5)
1
25
A2 (5)(5)
2
2

(-3,3)

-3 -2 -1

x A1 A2
5 9

25

2 2
17


2.

x 2 dx
x 2 if x 2 0, x 2
x2
( x 2) if x 2 0, x 2

x 2 dx ( x 2)dx ( x 2)dx
2 2

x
2x
2

2 x
2

22
2 2
2

(1) 2

2(1)
2

52

2 5

22

2 2
2

Evaluate the following absolute value function.

3

1. 1 x dx
3

2. x 3 x dx
1

3.

4.

x 2 3dx

x 3 5 dx

5. x 2 x 2 dx
1

INTEGRATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION

1 r 0

r,

1. h(r )dr ;
1

h( r ) 1 r 2 , 0 r 1
1,
1 r 2

h( r ) dr

rdr

2
7

6
2

(1 r ) dr
2

r
r

3
3

r 1

dr

 2 x2 , 2 x 0
4

2. f ( x) dx; f ( x) 1
2
x 2, 0 x 4

2
Solution

f ( x)dx (2 x )dx x 2 dx
2
0
2

x
2x

3
56

3
3

2 x
4

From the given domain int egrate the following :

2
3

1. f ( x) x , 8 x 0
4, 0 x 3

x, 4 x 0

2. f ( x )

x 2 4, 0 x 3

1,

2 x 1

3. f ( x) 1 x 2 , 1 x 1
2,
1 x 2

Integration of Odd and Even

Function

Recall: For evenintegers, x xn

n

x xn , thatmeans
For odd integers,
n

Function is said to be even if f(-x)=f(x) for

all x is an element of the domain of f.
The graph of an even function is
symmetric about the y-axis.
Function is said to be odd if f(-x)=-f(x) for
all x is an element of the domain of f.
The graph of an odd function is
symmetric about the origin

Theorem:If f is odd on [a, a ] then a f ( x)dx 0

A1

-a

A2
0

f ( x )dx f ( x)dx f ( x )dx

area of R1 area of R2
0

 Theorem:
If f is even on [ a, a ] then

f ( x )dx 2 f ( x) dx
0

R1 R 2
-a

f ( x ) dx

f ( x ) dx

f ( x ) dx

area of R1 area of R2
2( area of R2 or R1 )
2

f ( x ) dx

Examples:
2

1. ( x 1)dx 2 ( x 2 1)dx; f ( x) is an even function

2

2
x
3

2 2
3

28

2
3

t3
2.
dt 0, because the function is odd
2
3 1 t
3