Discussion on

Different
Catagories of Gas
Turbine
and its major
components
Completed by :
Mohammad Ibnul Hossain
Executive Engineer (Operation)
Tongi 80(105) MW GT Power Station
Bangladesh Power Development Board
E-mail : ibnulhossain@yahoo.com

Mvm UvievBb wK ?
Mvm UvievBb nQ GKaibi
N bvqgvb Bwb hvnv Zij wKsev
Mvm nBZ kw msMn Ki GKwU
eenvihvM KvR icv wiZ Ki|
GKwU AwZ mvavib UvievBb GKwU
N bvqgvb Ask , GKwU rotor
assembly hvnvZeW mshy GKwU
shaft or drum Gi mg^q MwVZ|
D`vnib ^ic t

eWi MVbZi Dci Uv

cKvif` t
1.Impulse
2.Reaction

P1

P2

V
1

V
2

GLvb ,
P2 > P1
v2> v1
MwZ -v, Pvc -P

hLb Pressure Kg hvq

MwZ evo
MwZkw evo
RMP evo

GB Pvc cwieZb Kiv nq w

cKvi:
1)By (Awfmvix)Converge
Nozzle .
2) By (Awfmvix) Converg
Blade.

Impulse Turbine nozzle and blading

arrangement

P
V
Conver 1
- gent1
Guide
van
Here :
P1
>P2
V2> V1
Fixed

P
V2
2

Consta
nt
Area
Moving
Blade

Moving Blade

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Impulse Turbine in Action

Reaction Turbine nozzle and blading

arrangement

P
V
1
1

Consta
nt
Area
Guide
vane

Fixed

P
V2
2

Conve
rgent
Nozzl
e
Here
P1 >
P2
V2>
Movin
V1
g

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Reaction Turbine in
Action

Impulse Turbine Zix Ki

GKwU wekvj cwigvb
Tangential thrust

Reaction turbines Zix Ki

GKwU wekvj cwigvb axial
thrust,

ZvB impulse reaction e

wWs Gi mg^q UvievBb
MwVZ nq|

Impulse Reaction
UvievBb Kgvq `yBwU
thrust -K

Impulse Reaction
Blade

eenvii wfwZ Mvm UvievBbi cKvi f`

1)Jet engines

2) Turboprop engines

3) Aero derivative gas turbines

4) Auxiliary Power
Unit :

5) Industrial gas turbines for power generation

Industrial gas turbines for power generation Gi cKv

Drcvw`Z we`yr Gi cwigvbi Dci wbfi Ki DwjwLZ M
wbvfve wef Kiv hvq t
MODEL

ISO RATION (kW)

ISO EFFICIENCY
(%)

MS 1002

5,070

24.5

MS3142 (J)

10,450

25.6

PG5371(PA)

26,300

28.5

PG6561(B)

39,620

31.9

PG6101(FA)

70,140

34.2

PG9171 (E)

123,400

33.8

PG9231(EC)

169,200

34.9

PG9351(FA)

255,200

36.5

PG9551 (H)

380,000

Mvm UvievBbi MODEL cwiwPwZ t

h Kvb Mvm UvievBbi MODEL _K H UvievBbi gj Z_wj cvIqv hvq |
Gi gWj hw` nq PG5341 | Zvnj wbPi QK Abyhvqx t
HEAVY DUTY MODEL DESIGNATION
PG5341
PG
5
APPLICATION SERIES

34
POWER

M- Mech
Drive
PG- Pkgd.
Gen.

Approx.
Output
Power
In thousands
or 10 Thousands
of Horse Power

Frame
3,4, 5

1
NUMBER
OF SHAFT
1 or 2

EA
MODEL

k msc cwiwPwZ t
PG5341
k msc
PG
S

eYbv
APPLICATION A_vr PACKAGE
GENERATOR
SERIES A_vr - FRAME 5

34

POWER A_vr - 3400 Horse Power

Number of Shaft A_vr Single Shaft

EA

Model is Blank A_vr Simple Cycle

Mvm UvievBbwU Frame 5 Series Gi 34000 H

gZv mb Single Shaft wewk Simple Cyc
GKwU Packaged Generator .

What is a Gas Turbine wK ?

Mvm UvievBb nQ GKaibi
internal combustion engine hvnvi
as working medium nQ gas or
liquid. Bnvi upstream -G AvQ
rotating compressor Ges Dnvi
mv_ downstream turbine
coupled Kiv _vK| Dnv`i gvSLvb
_vK combustion Chamber.

The main component

of a gas turbine :

1.Compressor
2.Combustion Chamber
3.Turbine .

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

ine

Generat
or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

p
m
o
C

or
s
s
re

Turb

ine

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

ine

Generat
or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Fuel Intel
(Gas/Liquid fuel)
Air Inlet

Exhaust

Combusti
on
chamber

or
s
s
e
r
p
Com

Turb

Generat
ine or

Schematic drawing of major components

of gas turbine
Air Inlet
System

Compress
or
Section
Combustio
n
Section

Turbin
e
Sectio
n

Exhau
st
Syste
m

Air
Inlet
Exhaust
Section
Gas Turbine Compress
Auxiliaries
or

Combustio
n
Section

Turbine
Section

Rain
hood

Air-Intake System :

cvW

To the BellMouth

wcwdvi

nvB
Gwdkx
Gw
wdvi

wcwdvi cvW
Mvm dvBevi cvW hvnvi chvqg
NbZ iwnqvQ|
NvZmn design
impregnate with
gel-like adhesive
High dust holding
capacity
Disposable

Coalescer Filter Pad

Low Pressure
Drop.
Economical in
use.
Long Service
Life.
Highly Efficient
Midst Eliminator

High Efficiency Filter

High efficiency and
dust
holding capacity
Lightweight, easy
to
install
Low average
operating
resistance
Longer life than
standard
filters

Air filtration is ensured by :

Rain hood placed on the front of
the filter housing.
Bleed-heating device
Pre-filters installed in the first
stage of supporting frames.
Coalescer pads installed against
the front face of the high efficiency
filter cells ; both
filter elements placed in the second
stage of supporting frames.

Variable Inlet Guide Vane

IGV

Variable Inlet Guide Vanes

(IGVs)
IGVs are used to control the airflow
through the compressor, in turn
controlling the airflow through the
entire machine.
The IGVs modulate during the
start-up and acceleration of the
gas turbine to rated speed, loading
& unloading of the generator and
deceleration of the gas turbine
during shutdown.

Condition

IGV opening

Startup - 2850

34

2850- Loading

57

Loading increases >>

exhaust temperature
increase

IGV opening increase

At Base Load to keep

the exhaust temp. from
570 C

84

At Peak Load to keep

the exhaust temp. not
beyond to 575 C (+5
C)

84

Compress
or

Compressor
inlet guide vanes,
The axial-flow compressor section
consists of the compressor rotor
and the inclosing casing.
the 17 stages of rotor and stator
blading,
the exit guide vanes.

Compressor Structure
Inlet Guide Vane

Compressor Structure
Compressor cylinder
Compressor cylinder has 3 parts:

Forward casing ;
After casing
compressor outlet casing.

Compressor Structure
Forward casing

After casing

Compressor Structure
Discharge casing

Compressor Structure
Compressor outlet casing

compressor structure
Compressor vane: IGV, stationary blade and EGV
(Exhaust
Stationar Guide vane)
y
Blade

EGV

IGV

Compressor Structure
Stationary Blade (lower half of the
Cylinder )

Compressor Structure
Compressor moving
blade

Compressor Structure
compressor rotor
Compressor rotor is a drum
structure with 17 impellers
(including a half shaft).17
impeller panels are tightly
pulled by 16 long bolt pull
rods to be integrated.

Working Principle :
air is confined to the space
between the rotor and stator
blading >>>>compressed in
stages by a series of alternate
rotating (rotor) and stationary
(stator) airfoil shaped blades.
The rotor blades supply the force
needed to compress the air in each
stage and the stator blades guide
the air so that it enters in the
following rotor stage at the proper

The compressed air exits through the

compressor discharge casing to the
combustion chambers.
Air is extracted from the compressor for
turbine cooling, for bearing sealing, and
during start-up for pulsation control.

Combustion Section

Combustion Chamber
Main Components
1.Cap-Liner:
Nos
2.Primary Fuel Nozzle:
Nos
3.Secondary Fuel Nozzle:
Nos
4. Transition Piece (TP):

14
14
14
14

Combustion Chamber

Seconda
ry
Flame
detector

Crossfire
tube

Primary
Flame
Detector

Some notable arrangements in combustion

Chamber:
a)Primary Flame Detector in the Chamber 1,2
b)Secondary Flame Detector in the chamber
c)Primary , Secondary and Tertiary Fuel Conn
clock wise direction from manifold .

Introduction of combustion
chamber structure

TRASTION
PIECE

FLOW
SLEEVE

Cap-liner

Primary Nozzle

Secondary and Tertiary

Nozzle
Tertiary
Nozzle

Tertiary
Nozzle

Working Principle :
The combustion system is of the reverse-flow type with 14
combustion chambers
This system also fuel nozzles, spark plug ignition system,
flame detectors, and crossfire tubes.
Hot gases, generated from burning fuel in the combustion
chambers, are used to drive the turbine.
High pressure air from the compressor discharge is
directed around the transition pieces and into the
combustion chambers liners. This air enters the
combustion zone through metering holes for proper fuel
combustion and through slots to cool the combustion
liner.
Fuel is supplied to each combustion chamber through a
nozzle designed to disperse and mix the fuel with the

Combustion wrapper :
The combustion wrapper forms a plenum in which
the compressor discharge air flow is directed to
the combustion chambers. Its secondary purpose
is to act as a support for the combustion chamber
assemblies .
Combustion chambers :
Discharge air from the axial flow compressor
flows into each combustion flow sleeve from the
combustion wrapper.
The air flows up-stream along the outside of the
combustion
liner toward the liner cap. This air enters the
combustion chamber reaction zone through the

The hot combustion gases from the

reaction zone pass through >>> a thermal
soaking zone and >>>> then into a
dilution zone where additional air is mixed
with the combustion gases.
Metering holes in the dilution zone allow
the correct amount of air to enter and cool
the gases to the desired temperature.
Along the length of the combustion liner
and in the liner cap are openings whose
function is to provide a film of air for
cooling the walls of the liner and cap as

1-fuel gas duct 2-outer casing 3-flame cylinder 4- fish-scale cooling hole 5igniter
6-transition conic top 7-valve plate 8-fuel nozzle 9-swirler,
10- ejecting hole (for combustion ) 11-combustion area,
12-mixed ejecting hole (for cooling) 13-mixed area 14-annular chamber

FUEL NOZZLES (GAS)

Description :
Each combustion chamber is
equipped with a fuel nozzle that
emits the metered amount required
fuel into the combustion liner.
Fuel nozzles are used in gas
turbines burning gas.
The fuel nozzle functions for proper
distribution of the gas fuel into the
reaction zone of the combustion
Liner which promotes uniform, rapid
and complete combustion.

TRANSITION PIECES
Description :
Transition pieces direct the hot gases
from the liners to the turbine first stage
nozzle. Thus,
the first nozzle area is divided into 14
equal
areas
receiving
the
hot
gas
flow.
Spark plugs :
Combustion is initiated by means of the
discharge from two high-voltage, nonretractable spark plugs bolted to
flanges on the combustion chambers
and mounted in a primary zone cup in
adjacent combustors (N 11 and 12).

Flame detectors :
During the starting sequence, it is
essential that an indication of the
presence or absence of flame be
transmitted to the control system. For
this reason, a flame monitoring system
is used
consisting of eight sensors, each pair
installed on four combustion chambers
(n 4 and 5, 10and 11 primary and
secondary zone).
Actuated by the ionization of the gas
inside it by getting ultra-violet emission

Turbine Structure
The requirements for turbine
To bear high temperature
To bear thermal stress and
thermal shock
To sustain heat alignment

Turbine Structure
Stator
Turbine stator consists of gas
cylinder, stationary blade and
support, force transmission system.
Stators are stationary part of turbine.

Turbine Structure

turbine cylinder

Turbine Structure

turbine structure
turbine exhaust casing

5-6 turbine exhaust

casing
1- outer casing
2- inner casing
3- NO.3 bearing
4- exhaust diffuser
5- exhaust frame
6- exhaust casing
support

Introduction of turbine structure

turbine blade and flow

part
The high temp. gas from
combustion casing enters
the first stage nozzle
through transition part.
After expending in the
nozzle, it enters the firststage turbine moving
blade.

Introduction of turbine structure

The
first
stage
turbine
nozzle
consists of turbine
stationary blade and
inner and outer ring
of nozzle. there are
18 section pieces
and
2
stationary
blades in each.there
are 36 stationary
blades in first-stage
turbine nozzle.

Introduction of turbine
structure
the second stage nozzle and sealing of turbine

Introduction of turbine
structure
the third stage nozzle and sealing of turbine

Introduction of turbine
structure
turbine retainer

Introduction of turbine
structure
In second or third
stage of turbine
retainer inner side,
we use bee-nest
shape structure to
enhance sealing
effect.

Introduction of turbine str

turbine rotor

Introduction of turbine
structure

turbine moving blades

There are 3 stages

turbine moving blade
with fir tree shape of
each ones root. The
blade connects with
mortise groove of
vane wheel axially
and tightly locked by
bolts in case of
moving out axially.

Introduction of turbine
structure

THANK
YOU