Earth

Social Science. Unit 2:

Earth

The atmosphere

The atmosphere is the layer of the air that sorrounds Earth.

Top layer
Top layer

The top layer of the atmosphere has little oxygen.

The top layer protects us from harmful rays from the Sun.
The top layer keeps stable temperatures on Earth.

Botton layer
Botton
layerlive in the botton layer of the atmosphere.
People
Vocabulary The botton layer of the atmosphera has air and rain
Layer of the atmosphere: capa de la
atmsfera
The botton layer of the atmosphere makes our plan
Harmful: daino

Stable:estable
Rainwater: agua de lluvia

Composition of the atmosphere.

Different gases make up air in the atmosphere. Gases have weight
up space

The balloons
have air in them
and take
The air takes up
space.

Oxygen is the gas we Air has other gases like

Nitrogen is the most
carbon dioxide and
abundant gas in air. need to breathe.
water vapour.
Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carb
on
dioxi
de
and
wate
r
vapo
ur.

Hydrosphere
Most of Earths surface is covered by water.
The water in the hydrosphere exists in three
states.

We find water in
We find water in
iquid state in
gaseous state in
oceans, seas, rivers
cloulds.
and lakes.

We find water in solid

state in snow or ice.

River

Oceans

sea

lake

Clouds

Ice

groundwater

Questions

hat gas do people need to breathe?

ople need oxygen to breathe.
gen is the gas we need to breathe.
what states does water exist in the hydrosphere?
ter exists in three different states; solid, liquid and gaseous.
can we find water in liquid state? We can find water in liquid sta
s, oceans seas,lakes and groundwater.
can we find water in gaseous state? We can find water in gaseou
n clouds.
can we find water in solid state? We can find water in solid state
e.

Vocabulary
heat: calor

Water vapour:
Vapor de agua

Goes up: sube

Gets cold:
Se enfria

Release: soltar

Hail: granizo

Ground: suelo
tierra)

Spring: manantial

Surface: superficie

Streams: riachuelos

First the heat from the Sun turns

the water into water vapour. Next,
water vapour goes up and forms
the clouds. Then the cloulds
release water as rain, snow or hail.
Later , some water goes into the
ground and springs bring it back
to the surface. Finally, rivers and
streams transport water back to

The geosphere
Earth is make up of rocks, from the centre to the surface.
The entire layer of rocks is called Earths geosphere.
Earths geosphere has three parts:
Core:
It is the inner layer.
The temperatures are
very high.
Mattle:
It is the middle layer.
It is the thickest layer.
The lava from volcanoes come
from this layer.

Vocabulary:
Core: ncleo
Mattle: manto
Crust: corteza
Surface: superficie
Inner: interno
Outer: externo
The thickest: el ms grueso
The thinnest: el ms delgado
Landform: accidente geogrfico
Hills: colinas.

Crust:
It is the outer layer.
It is the thinnest layer.
The crust is shaped into many
different LANDFORMS:
Mountains.
Hills.
Deserts.

The continents.

Continents are very large

masses of land on Earth.
Continents are parts of Earth
s crust.
There are six continents:
America,
Europe,
Asia,
frica,
Oceania,
Antarctica.
Continents are separated by
seas and oceans.

Using maps
Compass rose:
It shows the cardinal points
North, south, east and west.

Illustrations: they show

high areas, like mountains.

Legend explains what

the symbols on the map
mean.

Different kinds of maps

Physical maps
These maps show relief: mountains,
Rivers, lakes, seas, deserts, etc.

Political maps
These maps show how a territory
Is divided into countries or provinces.

Cardinal points.

Cardinal points allow us

to find our location.
The main cardinal points are
north, south, east and west.