REVIEW OF

LITERATURE
Presented by:
Dawn
Novaliza I. Ranay
1

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

What is a review of
literature?
2

literature is a "review" of "the literature"

on a topic.
What does that mean?

"Review" usually means an overview

summarizing major parts and bringing them
together to build a picture of what's out there.
Different fields of study (and different professors)
will have different standards on whether a review
is supposed to be more of a straightforward
summary or if it is supposed to have a deep
analysis and discussion.

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

What is a review of
literature?
3

"The Literature" means the major writings especially scholarly writings - on the topic.
Depending on your field "the literature" can
include all sorts of things: journal articles, books,
published essays, government reports, and so on.
The main thing is that "the literature" is the body
of scholarly, professional information that is used
by professionals and scholars working on that
topic area.

Related

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

literature includes research findings,

published or unpublished theories and principles
formulated by experts or authorities in some field or
discipline; and ideas or opinions of experts contained
in books, pamphlets, magazines and periodicals.
It should be written in terms of the purpose of the
study.
It should give more weight to studies considered
more authoritative as evaluated and should give
reference to primary rather that secondary sources.
It should be organized thematically to conform with
the specific problems.
It should be synthesized such that evidence from all
the studies reviewed would get an overall
understanding of the state of knowledge in the
problem area.

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

BOOKS

Comprise a central part of any bibliography.

Advantage-material published generally is of
good quality and the findings are integrated with
other research to form a coherent body of
knowledge.
Disadvantage-material is not completely up to
date, as it can take a few years between the
completion of a work and publication in the form
of a book.
Search for books in your area of interest, prepare
a final list, locate these books in the libraries or
borrow from other sources. Examine their
content, if contents are not found to be relevant
to your topic, delete it from your reading list.

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

JOURNALS
Journals

provide you with the most up-to-date

information, even though there is a gap of two
to three years between the completion of a
research project and the publication in a journal.
As with books, you need to prepare a list of
journals for identifying literature relevant to
your study. This can be done as follows:
-locate the hard copies of the journal that are
appropriate to your study;
- use the internet
- look at the index of research abstracts in the
relevant field to identify and read the articles.

A literature
review is a
summary of
previous
research on a
topic.
7

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

Advantages of Review of Literature:

It

helps the researcher look for possible

theories, concepts or principles to support his
investigation.
It is essential in formulating a sound research
title, hypotheses, assumptions, etc.
It enlightens the researcher as to the direction
of the study.
It proves that the study is researchable and
possesses novelty.
It helps to identify the statistical instrument to
be used in the study.
It serves as a guide to writing the findings,
conclusions and recommendations.

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

Why do a Literature
Review?
9

The purpose of a literature review is to

help you explain how the question to be
investigated fits into the larger picture
and why you have approached the topic
the way you have. This section of a
scholarly report allows the reader to be
brought up to date regarding the state of
research in the field and familiarizes him
or her to any contrasting perspectives
and viewpoints on the topic.

10

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

How do you write a Literature Review?

Summarize

and explain what research has been

done on the topic, citing the sources as you
mention them.
Point out the different ways researchers have
treated the topic.
Point out any connections between the sources
especially where one source built upon prior
study.
Explain how this past work fits together to make
your research question significant. Your
literature review should present your synthesis
of previous research and lay the foundation for
understanding your research and appreciating
its value.

11

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

Guides to preparing the

review of literature
1.

2.

You may need to visit a number of

libraries for articles related to your
investigation.
At the library, look into the card
catalogs for titles of articles, books,
monographs and if necessary, ask the
help of the librarian.

12

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

3. Index cards can help you organize your

materials.
Author:
Juan Dela Cruz
Publisher: ISPSC Press
Book: Educational Planing and Devt. Place: Ilocos Sur
Page: 312-315
Year: 2001
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

13

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

Author:
Juan Dela Cruz
Year: 2001
Types: MA Thesis
Page: 312-315
College/ University: Ilocos Sur Politechnic State College
Place: Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

14

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

4. Refrain from copying entire chapters without

proper documentation or acknowledgements.

Plagiarism is punishable by law.

The researcher as a second party
According

to Dela Cruz(1999)
Dela Cruz (1999)averred that
the intrusion of advanced technology and
the shipting of civilization into the third
wave describe by Alvin Toffler as the
Information Age and Knowledge Revolution
paves the way for making education an
instrument to facilitate change. (Dela Cruz,
1999)

15

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

The researcher as a third party

According

to Dela Cruz, as cited by Palpalatoc

(1999)
Dela Cruz quoted Palpalatoc(1999) who averred
that
the intrusion of advanced technology and the
shipting of civilization into the third wave
describe by Alvin Toffler as the Information
Age and Knowledge Revolution paves the way
for making education an instrument to facilitate
change. (Dela Cruz cited by Palpalatoc, 1999)

16

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

5. Make a related study on the needs

and relevance of your investigation.
Fraenkel, et.al., (1996) outlined the
steps for taking notes:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Problem
Hypotheses
Procedures
Findings
conclusions

17

Author:
Juan Dela Cruz
Year: 2003
Types: MA Thesis
Page:
College/ University: Ilocos Sur Politechnic State College
Place: Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
Problem:
_____________________________________________________________
Hypotheses:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Findings:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Conclusions:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Comments:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

18

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

6. If you wish to combine professional and

related studies, make a theme of your review
based on the important variables of the study.

A thematic approach to writing a

review of related literature
makes it logical, systematic and
convenient to the researcher.

19

Example

Research title: Determinants of teaching

Performance of Secondary School Science
Teachers
Theme of the Review
a. Profiles of high school Science teachers
b. Level of teaching performance
c. Multi-media and instructional materials
d. Methods or strategies and techniques for
teaching Science
e. Work attitudes of teachers

20