SYNERGY CLIMATE CHANGE

MITIGATION AND ADAPTATIO

N IN BALI, INDONESIA
PROF.DR. TAKESHI TAKAMA
SU-RE.CO, BALI
DR@SU-RE.CO

su-re.co

Journey of 3 CC projects in Bali

Vulnerability of rice

Adaptation by cacao
Synergy by coffee and
biogas

CLIMATE CHANGE
VULNERABILITY OF
RICE PRODUCTION
IN BALI

IC
E

PUNCAK JAYA
1936

2009

May 15,
2010

EL
TI
N

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE EVOLUT

ION OF EL NINO (HIGHER INTENSITY)
1950-2006

BMKG

RAINFALL CHANGE MAPS SOUTH ASIA - RCP4.

5

October March

April September

Paddy soil-climate suitability 19901999

Paddy soil-climate suitability 20002009

Suitability/Rain (Exposure)
If there is Paddy

Production
loss Vulnerability

hazard
Exposure

Sensitivity

Impact

Adaptive
Capacity

Vulnerability to
climate change

1. Assessing
vulnerability

3. Supporting policy and

actions

2. Designing adaptation

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIO

N AND CACAO

CACAO IN MACRO ECONOMY

Cacao (2010-2015)

CACAO AS PO
VERTY REDUC
TION
Corn(2010-2015)

5th year
Cacao Win!

Not enough
water, only 1
harvesting
20% became
housing

Dryer and not good for rice anymore

Cacao as adaptation measure

ADAPTATION MEASURES

Agro-forestry

High quality

Value chain

AGROFORESTRY

Coconuts

Cacao
Banana

TRAINING ON HIGH QUALITY CACAO

GOOD ENOUGH?

40%
more
$$

Trader
Farmer
s

Choco
co.

Products of Dari K

SYNERGY BETWEEN MITIGATION A

ND ADAPTATION WITH CACAO

SYNERGY MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION WITH RED

D+ & CACAO AGROFORESTRY IN NORTH SULAWESI

FOREST AREA IN NORTH SULAWESI

Adap tation

+ Reduce sensitivity to CC
+ Value added chain
+ Agro portfolio

Agroforestry = ecosystem
based
Coffee

Synergy
Mitig ation

+ Reduce deforestation
+ Stop slash & burn
+ Afforestation

Ca

SYNERGY BETWEE
N MITIGATION AN
D ADAPTATION WI
TH COFFEE & BIOG
AS

Supply

Bio
energ
y

Demand
20
%

32K
MW

C
O2

Bio
gas

Eth
noa
l

St
ov
e

CLIMATE CHANGE, BIOENERGY, &

SDG

Value
added

Income
up

Bioenergy
as CCM

Climate
Change

Feed
stocks
as CCA

Vulnerability

Funds
for CCA

TRANSITION & RESILIENT PATHWAY

WITH BIOENERGY FOR CLIMATE CH
ANGE
Macro/
Policy
level

WIN-WIN STRATEGIES FOR CLIMAT

E MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Micro/
Business
level

Target 1. Contributing sustainable

bioenergy in Indonesia: visions for Bali and
East
Java
National/Regional:
Climate/energy policy

East Java:
Bioethanol
production with

West Bali:
Biogases pellet
business with

1) Partnership with
Ministry of Planning and
Development (Bappenas)
via ICCTF

2) Bioenergy and
climate change
international
workshop

3) Discussion with policy

makers and stakeholders

Target 2. Demonstrating synergy mitigation

and adaptation with coffee and biogas

Value added
coffee as
adaptation

Biogas from
agricultural
waste

3 PROBLEMS I
N BIOENERGY
1) INITIAL
INVESTMENT
2) MAINTENANCE
2) HH DEMANDS

Green Business Case: Su-re Brew

Core of the
Business Model
Farmer

Farming

Rice husk
and straw
& Manure

Biogas
producer

Coffee
producer

Seller/
Distributor

Biogas
production

Coffee
roasting

Coffee
distribution
Roasted
coffee

Biogas

Coffee
consumers

local
Roasted
coffee

national

international
Coffee
bean
production

Revenues from
coffee sale

Coffee beans

Local
households

Biogas

Coffee & biogas value chain/financial flow

Legend of symbols
Market
participant

Value creation
processes

Mass flows

Cash flow

Source of pictograms:
http://www.freepik.com &
www.fla&con.com

Coffee bean harvesting

and selections

Coffee bean quality

controle and design

Roasting,
marketin
g, sales

3 POSSIBLE JOURNEYS
Synergy

More than climate

change
More than 1 + 1 = 2

Green
business

Green can be
business

Transformatio
n

Do something!

PROF.DR. TAKESHI TAKAMA

SU-RE.CO, BALI
DR@SU-RE.CO
THANK YOU

su-re.co

BIOENERGY PRODUCTION

Cacao

+ Agroforestry
+ Keep soil and
moisture
- Medium labor
intensive
- Need a market
access
+ at high price

Maize

- Slash and burn

- Bad for drought
+ Easy maintenance
+ Easy sale
- at low price

Rice straw
husk

+ Flood resilient
- Require more water
- High labor
intensive
+ Easy sale
-/+ Grantee, but low
price

WIN-WIN: ADAPTATION & HIGH QUALITY C

ACAO IN BALI

(IPCC 2013. Fig 10.7)

Rockstrm, et al. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating

space for humanity. Ecology and Society 14(2): 32

PROJECTING FUTURE CLIMATE REQUIRES GHG CONCENTRATION PATHWAY

For future climate

projections, climate
models require
Emission
Scenarios. Models
in AR5 use
Representative
Concentration
Pathway (RCP)

IPCC 2013, Fig. SPM.8

2C world

4.5C world

Today we have a choice.

EXPECTED GROWTH OF CHOCOLATE CONFECTI

ONERY CONSUMPTION UNTIL 2015
Markets
to export

www.themegallery.com

CACAOVSCORN INCOME PROSPECT (0.5HA)

Polic
y

+ 20% of petrol by 2025

+ Request subsidies bioethanol Rp 3.000/L to
producers.

Multi layered
interaction

+ Successful experiences with biodiesel

Sugarcane

Maize

+ 1st generation
+ 2 K ton in 2013
- Shrinking
- Distribution
make farmers
unprofitable

+ 1st generation
+ 20 M tons
- With slash/burn
agriculture
- Food security

Rice straw
husk

- 2nd generation
+ 75 M tons (3rd
after China &
India)
+ 170% as straw
& husk
- 0% used and
burn

RICE PRODUCTION IN INDONE

SIA

Dec Mar

Dry

We
t

Produced more
than twice/year

Straw/husk are
available all year
Bioethanol are
more feasible
than other
countries
Improve food
security too

Sep -

May -

Climate Change Vulnerability focus

Adaptive capacity
Impacts focus

Reduce
poverty
and nonclimatic
stressors

Build
capacity/
systems
for problem
solving

Incorporate
climate info
into
decisionmaking

Main streaming
Stand-alone

Address
impacts
with
climate
change

International development focus

Traditional funding
New funding

SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS:
EXTENDED VALUE ADDED CHAIN
REDD+

High quality
cacao

Forestatio
n

Poverty
reduction

Climate
adaptation

Market
access

Climate
insurance/
finance

Bio gas
production

Climate
mitigation

WinWin
Sustai
n-able
busine
ss
Enable
enviro
n-ment

SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS: SUPPORTERS

Internationa
l

National

Japanese
government
s

Trading
ministry

Local
government
s

Kanematsu
trading
company

Gobel
Panasonic

NGO
Kalimajari

Dari-K
Chocolate
company

Met office

KSS
cooperative

Local

More to come and

ADVANTAGES OF CACAO PRODUCTION

If energy gain > energy loss =

warning

Factor affecting climate

changes
Indicators

Rise
0.74 in
100 years

Global warming
projection
Riebeek (2010), based on IPCC (2007:
Figure 10.4)

in any
scenario
2 even if cut CO2 in

BECAME THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERT OF

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Consulting in
many developing
countries

Advising to the
Ethiopian president

Contributing to the
international community

DR. TAKAMA CONTRIBUTED TO INDONESIA

Developed Standard
Operational Procedures
for Climate Change
Vulnerability

Produced
vulnerabil
ity maps

Dr. Takamas
work was
appreciated by
the Head of

DR. TAKAMA WO
RKED ON CAPAC
ITY DEVELOPME
NT IN INDONESI
A

Training
on
vulnerabil
ity

At local &
national
levels

Reported
by media

230M
people
(4th)

Big
deman
ds

Farmin
g,
Tourism
, Fissile
(GDP
8th)

Climate
relate
issues

18K
islands,
1M
km2
(15th)

Spread
&
Diverse

Major
G20
country

Indones
ia Unique
rural
agroenergy

Climate Change Vulnerability focus

Adaptive capacity
Impacts focus

Reduce
poverty
and nonclimatic
stressors

Build
capacity/
systems
for problem
solving

Incorporate
climate info
into
decisionmaking

Main streaming
Stand-alone

Address
impacts
with
climate
change

International development focus

Traditional funding
New funding

10

11

12

3 4

30 40

PURPOSE OF COMPANY
Sustainability &
Resilience Co.

Consulting services on
Climate Change
Adaptation &
Vulnerability to
Indonesia and
international

0.04% =
1/2,258

0.17% =

Win-win: Cacao as afforestation &

REDD+ project in Indonesia
Preserved forest
S&B corn

Production forest

S&B corn

Non-forest area

Carbon emission

Without REDD+ project

start

With REDD+ project

Time

Introduce
improved
cocoa farming

EXPANSION OF TROPICS DUE TO CLIMATE

CHANGE?

100 LU

100 LS

PRISTINE CLIMATE

WARMING CLIMATE

WHAT IS CLIMATE?

Climate Weather