SCHISTOSOMI

ASIS

Prepared by: EDDIE RICK M. LACHICA

Submitted to: EDMELYN B. CACAYAN, RN, MSN

OTHER NAME:

SNAIL FEVER
BILHARZIASIS

Schistomiasis is also called

Bilharzia after the short lived of a
German physician Theodor
Bilharz(1825-1862)

Schistosomiasis

is a
chronic, parasitic disease
caused by blood flukes
(trematode worms) of
the genus Schistosoma

Schistosomiasis

is an
inflammatory disorder
that is initiated by
infection with
Schistosoma blood
flukes.

Etiologic agent:
the cause of the disease is a parasitic worm,
known as the

Schistosoma japonicum

Major Types Of The Organism

1. Schistosoma
japonica
- infects the intestinal tract
-found to be only type that is
endemic in the Philippines
- this is also known as Oriental
schistosomiasis

2.
Schistosoma
mansoni
- also affects the
intestinal tract
- common in some
parts of Africa

3. Schistosoma
haematobium
- affects the urinary tract
infection
- can be found in some
parts of the Middle East,
like Iraq, Iran

Epidemiology - Distribution

Schistosomiasis; Global Burden

Parasitic worms of schistosoma

species
Main species are;
a. Schistosoma haematobium
b. Schistosoma mansoni
c. S. japonicum
d. S. mekongi and
e. S intercalatum

Incubation Period:
is at least

months

Sources Of Infection

Feces of infected person

Dogs, pigs, carabaos, cows,
monkeys, and wild rats have been
found to be infected and
therefore, they also serve as host.

LIFE CYCLE

LIFE CYCL cont

Pathognomonic Sign

Schistosoma
dermatitis or
swimmers itch

Mode of transmission

Through ingestion of
contaminated water
The skin pores
The disease is
transmitted through an
intermediary host, a
tiny snail called
oncomelinia Quadrasi

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Clinical picture:
low grade fever
Fatigue
weight loss
anemia

INTESTINAL
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
1.Abdominal pain
2.Diarrhea
3.Blood in stool, fresh or
melena
4.Hematemesis
5.Liver enlargement

UROGENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Hematuria (terminal)
2. dysuria
3. Frequent need to urinate
(polykauria)
4. In females; genital lesions, vaginal
bleeding, pain during sexual
intercourse and nodules on the
vulva, irregular menstruation
1.

Complications
Liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension
Heart failure
Ascitis
Hematemesis as a result from rupture
of esophageal varices
Renal failure

Urogenital schistosomiasis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

cystitis
Urinary bladder cancer
Polyps, ulcers of urinary bladder
Hemospermia
Infertility
Spontaneous abortion
Renal failure
anemia

COMPLICATIONS

Intestinal schistosomiasis
1. Liver fibrosis
2. Intestinal cancer
3. Portal hypertension/Pulmonary
hypertension/ Cor pulmonale
4. Ascites
5. Esophageal varices
6. Malnutrition

COMPLICATIONS

Diagnostic procedure
Fecalysis

or direct stool exam

Kato katz technique
Liver and rectal biopsy
Enzyme link immunosorbent
assy(ELIZA)
Cercum Ova Precopetin Test( COPT)confirmatory diagnostic test.

Modalities of treatment
Praziquantel tablet for 6 months: 1 tab 2x a
day for 3 months, then 1 tab a day for
another 3 months
Faudin injection given IM or IV. The patient
should consume 360 mg for the entire
treatment
If the patient continue to live in endemic
area, he frequently gets reinfected and has
to be retreated.

PREVENTION
Proper

waste disposals
Control of stray of animals
Preventing people, especially children from
bathing in infested stream
Building foot bridges over snail infected
streams
Providing adequate water supply for bathing
and laundering and safe water for drinking

References
Aubrey Manning and Marian Stamp
Dawkins, An introduction to Animal
Behaviour, 5th edition, Cambridge university
Press.
Chapman R.F. (2007), The Insects: Structure
and Function, 4th Ed. Cambridge University
Press, USA.
Harjinder Singh, A textbook of Animal
Behaviour (1995), 1st edition, Anmol
Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Prasad S, Animal Behaviour (2004), CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
www. nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep3.htm
http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/episode/2011/01/0
8/january-8-2011/

THANK YOU
FOR EVERY LITTLE
THINGS