REVIEWER IN MRI

NOTE!!
Include the prelim exam in your
reviewer, The Multiple choice only.
Familiarize The causes and solutions
of the 10 different artifacts.
70 multiple choices, 10 items
situational.
Madali lang promise :D
Goodluck!

 SPATIAL RESOLUTION
In MRI, Spatial Resolution is defined by
the size of the imaging voxels. Since
voxels are three dimensional rectangular
solids, the resolution is frequently
different in the three different directions.
Matrix Size
Field Of View (FOV)
Slice Thickness

 Matrix Size- is simply the number of

rows and columns in the matrix, or
the number of data points collected
in three directions.
Increase in Matrix size
Increases data collection
Increases Spatial Resolution

 Field Of View (FOV) is the size of

the area that the matrix is covering.
Usually defined in units of cm2.

 Slice Thickness- the thickness of an

imaging slice. Since the slice profile
is not sharply edged, the distance
between the points at half the
sensitivity of the maximum is used to
determine thickness.
Increase in Slice Thickness
Decreases Spatial Resolution

MR image ARTIFACTS
These are the
Spurious finding in or
distortion of an
image
A structure not
normally present but
visible as a result of
a limitation or
malfunction in the
hardware or software
of MRI device

1. Magic angle Artifact

2.Partial Volume Artifact
3. Motion Artifact
4. Herringbone Artifact
5. Data Clipping Artifact
6. Slice Overlap Artifact
7. Staircase Artifact
8. Aliasing Artifact
9. Zebra Stripes Artifact
10. Zipper Artifact

 1. Magic Angle Artifact

structures with ordered collagen, such
as tendons and ligaments, oriented at
the magic angle may appear
hyperintense in some sequences, this is
called the magic angle artifact or
effect.
Cause
Angle about 55o to the main magnetic field

Solution
Angle not about 55o

 2. Partial Volume Artifact

can be defined as the loss of apparent
activity in small objects or regions
because of the limited resolution of the
imaging system.
Loss of contrast between two adjacent
tissues
Cause
Insufficient resolution

Solution
Thinner slices

3. Motion
Artifact
Blurring
and

ghosting
Cause
Movement of
the imaged
object
Solution
Compensation
techniques;
more
averages;
antispasmodic

4. Herringbone
Artifact

Static on the image

Cause
Electromagneti
c emissions
Solution
Shielding;
eliminate the
factor of
disturbance

5. Data Clipping
Artifact

Image non-uniform
Cause
Signal too
intense
Solution
Manually
decrease of
the receiver
gain

6. Slice Overlap
Artifact

Slice overlap
Cause
Loss of signal
Solution
Saturation

7. Staircase Artifact

Staircase like
nuance
Cause
Slices too
thick; no
overlapping
Solution
Overlapping
slices

Aliasing Artifact
8. Image
wrap around
Cause
Anatomy
extends out of
the FOV within
the plane of
the image
Solution
Large FOV;
oversampling;
foldover
suppression

9. Zebra Artifact

10. Zipper Artifact

Zebra stripes or
Bands through
other anomalies
image center
Cause
Cause
Signal changes
Hardware or
Solution
software
Surface coil;
Solution
change the
No solution
sequence