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Chemistry of Life
on
Electr
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t
A
io n
bo ic
nd
s?
W
ow
!!
Topic Prelude
Living organisms are made up from matter.
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matters are made up from chemical elements known as atoms.
A substances that made up from one type of atom known as
element.
There are about 109 types of atoms and 92 elements in our
nature.
Lets
discover
more
knowledge!!
Atomic structure
Do you notice that
the atomic
structure is
mostly same to
our solar system
movement?
It is so amaze
me!! Do you?
Do you ever
heard about
Isotope?
Electron arrangements
The arrangements of electrons determines the chemical
properties of an atom.
But how?
Yes, I do!!
So does
electrons!!
They are
good
boys!!
Orbitals
region of space
that one or two
electrons can
occupy.
Remember!
!
Valence
electrons
electrons in
atoms outermost
energy shell or
valence shell
Ionic bonds
How are ionic
bonds formed?
HINT
When a couple is in love, they will give and get the love from
each other. One partner will give the love, and the another
partner will receive it.
Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds
HINT
Your friends
are
another
When you have best friends, they are
sharing
everything
with you. Your secret, your best moment
andthat
your life.
atoms
making a
Do you think your sharing had made covalent
you more
stronger? Yes it is! bond. Love
them!
It same goes to covalent bond. Atoms are sharing
their electrons and this making them more stronger
than ionic bond.
Polar Molecules
Polarity
London dispersion
forces
Dipole-dipole
forces
Hydrogen bonds
LONDON DISPERSION
FORCES
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
HYDROGEN BONDS
Chemical Reaction
dehydration
neutralization
hydrolysis
redox reactions
Dehydration
Also called as condensation
reactions
water is used as a reactant to split a
larger molecule into smaller
subunits
Common methods used by cells to join smaller
molecules and assemble extremely large
macromolecules such as complex carbohydrates
and proteins
Hydrolysis
Reverse of dehydration
reactions
Neutralization
Acid
Base
Water
Salt
Redox reaction
REDOX Reduction and
Oxidation
Figure 17: Example of redox reaction
Electrons are lost from one atom
and gained by another atom
OXIDATION loss of electrons
(OIL)
REDUCTION gain of electrons
(RIG)
References:
Fraser,D. (2012). Biology 12. Toronto, Ont,: Nelson Education.
Atomic Structure. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2015, from http://
physics.taskermilward.org.uk/KS4/additional/html/atomic_structure.htm
Neutralization Reactions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2015, from http://
www.chem.memphis.edu/bridson/FundChem/T16a1100.htm
The End of
Presentation
Thank You