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  • Hydroelectric Power Generation Methods and Environmental Effects

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    Jag Parvesh Dahiya
    18 vizualizări21 pagini
    This document discusses various methods of traditional hydroelectric power generation including low, medium, and high head power generation as well as large dams like the Three Gorges and Itaipu Dams. It also examines different types of water wheels and turbines used in hydroelectric systems based on the water head including overshot wheels, breast shot wheels, Francis turbines, Pelton wheels, and propeller turbines. Finally, it outlines some of the environmental effects that can result from large dam projects like silt buildup, disrupted fish migration, decreased water temperatures, and increased waterborne diseases.

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    This document discusses various methods of traditional hydroelectric power generation including low, medium, and high head power generation as well as large dams like the Three Gorges and Itaipu Dams. It also examines different types of water wheels and turbines used in hydroelectric systems based on the water head including overshot wheels, breast shot wheels, Francis turbines, Pelton wheels, and propeller turbines. Finally, it outlines some of the environmental effects that can result from large dam projects like silt buildup, disrupted fish migration, decreased water temperatures, and increased waterborne diseases.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    18 vizualizări21 pagini

    Hydroelectric Power Generation Methods and Environmental Effects

    Încărcat de

    Jag Parvesh Dahiya
    This document discusses various methods of traditional hydroelectric power generation including low, medium, and high head power generation as well as large dams like the Three Gorges and Itaipu Dams. It also examines different types of water wheels and turbines used in hydroelectric systems based on the water head including overshot wheels, breast shot wheels, Francis turbines, Pelton wheels, and propeller turbines. Finally, it outlines some of the environmental effects that can result from large dam projects like silt buildup, disrupted fish migration, decreased water temperatures, and increased waterborne diseases.

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    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 21

    HydroelectricalPowerGeneration

    TraditionalMethodsofHydroelectricGeneration
    LowHeadPowerGeneration
    MediumHeadPowerGeneration
    HighHeadPowerGeneration
    LargeDams(ThreeGorges,Itaipu)
    EnvironmentalEffectsofLargeDams

    EnergyintheNews

    BreastShotWheel
    Breastshotwheel:
    Onetypeoftraditional
    Waterwheel
    Waterwheels:source
    Ofpowerforthe
    Industrialrevolution

    OvershotWheel
    Moreefficientthatbreastshot
    Wheel.Somemillsusing
    Thesewheelsstillinoperation
    Inruralappalachiain1950s
    Miller:Mrs.Aarendale

    TypicalHydroelectricalStation
    Outflowwater:canbeverycold.Why?(GrandCanyon)

    LowHeadHydroelectricalGenerators
    Lowhead:
    Propellortype
    Turbines

    Power=
    ChangeinPotential
    EnergyperUnittime
    =weight*
    Verticaldrop/time
    Energy=
    Power*time

    MicrohydroInstallation
    Smallstreamwith
    Hydroelectricalgenerator:
    Powerforonefamily
    (JimKeener)

    ModerateHeadHydro
    Head:heightdifference
    Betweenwaterlevelin
    Reservoirandwater
    Levelenteringturbine
    Head=heightinpotential
    Energyequation
    Penstock:tubewaterflows
    Through

    Francisturbine
    Turbineusedformoderate
    Headhydroelectricalpower
    statiosn

    WaterFlowinaFrancisTurbine
    Left:relativetoturbinebladesRight:truewaterpath

    HighHeadHydro

    PeltonWaterWheel
    Usedforhighheadapplications:
    (above250meters)
    Areimpulseturbines.
    FrancisandPropellertypeturbine
    Arereactionturbines.
    Reactionturbines:runsubmerged.
    Impulseturbines:runinnormalair

    JetsofWaterHittingPeltonWheel
    JetsofwateraredirectedthroughanozzleontoPeltonwheel
    Cupsonthewheeltransferkineticenergyfromwatertowheel.

    OptimumHydroelectricTurbineType
    Optimumwater
    Wheel:not
    Justafunction
    Ofhead,also
    Dependson
    Waterflowrate

    HydroelectricalPowerUsebyState

    StatesProducingMostHydroelectricity
    Whyisthere
    Somuch
    Variationinthe
    Gallonsofwater
    Perkilowatthour?

    HydropowerOutputbyNation
    Lureof
    Hydropower
    BigDams
    Vs
    Rebar

    ItaipuDam
    Presentlyworldslargest
    Hydroelectricplant
    OnParanariverbetween
    BrazilandParaguay

    Capacity:12,600MW
    (droughtaproblem
    recently):
    Provides:
    25%ofBrazilpower
    78%ofParaguaypower

    ThreeGorgesAreaofYangtzeRiver
    Under
    construction
    ThreeGorges
    DaminChina
    Moving1.2million
    People
    Capacityof
    18,600MW
    Willfinishin2009

    ThreeGorgesArea
    Greatbeauty
    Manyhistoric
    Sights
    Stillpressing
    Aheadondam
    construction
    Gorgelength;
    ~SanFrancisco
    ToLA

    EnvironmentalProblemswithDams
    1)Siltbuildupfillsreservoir(Yangtze;levees)
    2)Fishmigrationdisrupted(Columbia)
    3)Watertemperaturedecreases(Colorado)
    4)Watergetsmoresaline(Colorado)
    5)Waterlosesoxygen(Brazil)
    6)Waterslowsdown,increasesdisease
    (mosquitos,schitosomiasis(Aswan))
    7)Watertrapspollution,slowspollutionflushing
    8)Inducedseismicitymayoccur

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