STATIC EQUIPMENT

Equipment Covered Under Static & Packages are,

Pressure vessel:
Columns
Drums
Separators
Reactors
Desalter package
Heat exchanger:
Shell & tube heat exchangers
Plate heat exchangers
Air cooled heat exchangers

STATIC EQUIPMENT

Equipment covered under Static & Packages are,

Fired heater

Pig Launcher / Receiver

Boiler

Waste Heat Recovering Unit (WHRU)

Flare Package

Filter

Mounded storage bullets

PRESSURE VESSEL
Is a closed container which holds fluid under differential pressure. It generally
has a cylindrical body called as shell and two end closures called as flat/dished
ends
Various functions
Storage vessels
Phase separation vessels
Distillation towers

Application
Used in variety of industries
Oil & Gas
Hydrocarbon processing
Pharmaceutical
Power

COMPONENTS
Main Components are
Head
Shell
Nozzle
Support

COMPONENTS - HEAD

2:1 Ellipsoidal Head

COMPONENTS - HEAD

COMPONENTS NOZZLE & SUPPORT

Nozzle

A nozzle is a cylindrical component that penetrates the shell or heads of a

pressure vessel.

Process nozzle, Instrument nozzle & Utility nozzle.

Welded, Flanged, Threaded type.

Support

Type of the supports mainly depends on the orientation of the vessel

Various supports are

Horizontal orientation
Saddle Support
Vertical orientation
Leg Support
Lug Support
Skirt Support

PV- VARIOUS SUPPORTS

COMPONENTS

RF Pad
When nozzle opening are more than 2 diameter, vessel loses
strength and the opening has to be compensated with addition of
materials
Earthing Lug
To avoid damage due to lightening, earthing lugs are provided and
are connected electrically to the earthing network at site

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS PER

ASME CODE

INPUT REQUIREMENT FOR DESIGN

Design constraints
Design code
Design internal pressure
Design external pressure
Design temperature
Wind
Seismic
Material of construction
Internal Dia
Tangent to tangent length

BRIEFING ON DESIGN DATA

DESIGN CODE
-ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
ASME Sec VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

ASME Sec VIII Division 1

Applied for pressures b/w 15 psig to 3,000 psig.
Code does not apply to non pressure parts
Internals (except for attachment weld to vessel)
Piping systems

ASME Sec VIII Division 2, Alternative Rules

No limitation, usually above 600 psig

BRIEFING ON DESIGN DATA

WIND
The main standards that are frequently used for wind design

are
BS-6399-Part II
ASCE 7-95 (formerly ANSI A58.1)
Uniform Building Code (UBC)
Wind design is used to determine the forces and moments at

each elevation to check if the calculated shell thicknesses

are adequate
SEISMIC
It is due to earthquake
Generally Seismic design is based on the Uniform Building

Code (UBC)

BRIEFING ON DESIGN DATA

HYDROSTATIC TEST
As per UG-99, All pressure vessels need to be tested Hydrostatically

for a minimum of 1.3 times the design pressure, after the

completion of all fabrication processes

POST WELDING HEAT TREATMENT METHOD (PWHT)

Mainly for
Restores material properties
Relieves residual stresses
ASME Code TABLE UCS-56, PWHT requirements
Minimum temperature
Minimum holding time

BRIEFING ON DESIGN DATA

IMPACT TEST

Pressure vessel components needed to be Impact tested for operating at

very low temperatures. However, this requirement is depending upon
mainly three variables,
Material
Temperature (MDMT)
Thickness as per the rules and guidelines in UCS-66.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

Welding / fabrication of the vessel needs to be verified by any of the

Non-Destructive Examination methods (NDE), mainly the Radiography
and also by Ultrasonic test (UT), Magnetic particle test (MPT), Liquid
Penetrant test (LP) etc.

BRIEFING ON DESIGN DATA

WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY
The extent of the NDE determines the Weld Joint Efficiency and the
same is taken as a factor while calculating the thickness of the
materials under pressure
Generally it is 1.0 / 0.85 / 0.7

CORROSION ALLOWANCE
Allowance in thickness to be added to the calculated design
thickness, attributed only for the corrosion of the vessel wall during
the period of service
Generally for carbon steel material C.A is 3.0 mm
stainless steel material C.A is 0 to 1 mm

WALL-THICKNESS CALCULATION- (UNDER INTERNAL

PRESSURE)

OUTPUT
O/P from the Pressure Vessel Design Calculation are
Thickness of the major components
Total Empty Weight (Uncorroded) of the vessel
Operating Weight of the vessel
Hydrotest Weight of the vessel
Anchor bolt details (No, Size, Bolt Circle Dia - B.C.D)

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN CALCULATION

Software availalable,
PV Elite 2009
COMPRESS

PV Elite is used in Petrofac for pressure vessel designing

PRESSURE VESSEL SKIRT SUPPORT

PRESSURE VESSEL SADDLE SUPPORT

PLATE MATERIAL- C.S SA 516 GR 70

FABRICATION- HEAD PLATE

FABRICATION- SHELL PLATE

VESSEL ASSEMBLY

MOUNDED STORAGE BULLETS

STORAGE TANK

A storage tank is basically a container used for storing liquids

Broad classification of Atmospheric Storage Tank are
Fixed Roof Storage Tank
The tank whichever operating at or nearer to atmospheric

pressure
This type of tank is used to hold liquid which will not vaporize at

ambient temperature.
Standard code: Welded Tanks for Oil Storage API-650

Floating Roof Storage tank

In order to reduce vapor losses of the stored fluids
Approximately it operates at atmospheric pressure
Standard code: Welded Tanks for Oil Storage API-650

Atmospheric Storage tank (API 650 Tanks)

Tanks used in this category are primarily the

Fixed roof (cone & dome)
Floating roof

Dome Roof
Tank

Cone Roof
Tank

Internal
Floating
Roof Tank

Floating
roof tank

MAJOR COMPONENTS

Main components of Atmospheric storage tank are

Roof
Shell
Bottom plate & Annular plate

Roof
Various types of roof
Fixed cone roof with support
Self supported cone roof
Dome roof
Umbrella roof

MAJOR COMPONENT - ROOF

Fixed cone roof with support

Conical Roof is supported either by rafters on girders and

columns or by rafters on trusses with or without columns

Self supported Fixed cone roof
Conical Roof is supported only at its periphery

Self supported Dome roof

Spherical surface that is supported only at its periphery

Self supported Umbrella roof

Modified dome roof formed so that any horizontal section

is a regular polygon

ROOF PLATE LAYOUT

Bottom plate

As per API 650,

All bottom plates shall have a minimum thickness of 6mm

exclusive of any corrosion allowance

Annular plates is provided , if diameter of tank exceeds 12m

Annular plate shall have a minimum of radial width of 600mm

Generally all the joint in bottom plates shall be lapped (minimum

lap of 65 mm )

BOTTOM PLATE & ANNULAR PLATE LAYOUT

TYPICAL API 650 STORAGE TANK

STORAGE TANK DESIGN AS PER

API-650 CODE

INPUT REQUIREMENT FOR DESIGN

Design code
Tank Internal Diameter
Tank height
Design Specific gravity
Design temperature
Design pressure
Material of construction
Wind
Seismic

OUTPUT

O/P from the Storage tank Design Calculation are

Thickness of the major components
Total Empty Wt (Uncorr)
Operating Wt. of the tank
Hydrotest Wt. of the tank
Shear Force - Seismic Cond. / Wind cond.
Moment - Seismic Cond. / Wind cond.
Anchorage requirement
Anchorage design condition
No. of Anchor Bolts provided

FIXED ROOF TANK

RING WALL FOUNDATION FOR STORAGE TANK