Data Communication

Network Architecture and

Protocols

Data Communication Network

Is any system of computers, computer
terminals,
or
computer
peripheral
equipment used to transmit and/ or receive
information between two or more location.

Network Architecture
Outline the products and services
necessary
for
the
individual
components
within
a
data
communications network to operate
together.

Functional Responsibilities
Electrical specification
Hardware arrangement
Software procedures

Networks and network protocols fall

into three general classification
Current
Legacy
Legendary

Current
It include the most modern and
sophisticated networks and protocols
available
Legacy
If a network or protocol becomes
legacy, no one really wants to use it,
but for some reason it just will no go
away.

Legendary
When an antiquated network or
protocol finally disappears.

In general term, computer networks

can be classified in two different ways:
Broadcast
Point to point

Broadcast Network
All stations and devices on the network share a
single communications channel. Data are propagated
through the network in relatively short message
sometimes called frames, blocks, network.

Broadcasting
When messages are intended for all subscribers on
the network.

Multicasting
When messages are intended for a specific group of
subscribers.

Point-to-point network
It only has two stations. Therefore, no addresses
are needed. All transmission from one station are
intended for and received by the other station.

Data Communication Protocols

Computer networks communicate
using protocols, which define the
procedures that the systems involved in
the communications process will used.
Protocol stack
List of protocols used by a system,
which generally includes only one
protocol per layer.

Connection-oriented and
Connectionless Protocols
Connection-oriented protocol
A logical connection is established between the
endpoints prior to the transmission of data.
It is designed o provide a high degree of reliability
for data moving through the network.

Connectionless protocol
Are protocols where data are exchanged in an
unplanned fashion without prior coordination
between endpoints.

Characteristics of Connection-oriented
protocols
1. A connection process called Handshake occurs between
two stations before any data are actually transmitted.
2. Most connection-oriented protocols require some means
of acknowledging the data as they are being
transmitted.
3. Connection-oriented protocols
means of error control .

often

provide

some

4. When a connection is no longer needed, a specific

handshake drops the connection.

Characteristics of Connectionless
protocols
1. Connectionless protocols send data with a source and
destination address without a handshake to ensure
that the destination is ready to receive the data.
2. Connectionless protocols usually do not support error
control or acknowledgement procedures, making them
a relatively unreliable method of data transmission.
3. Connectionless protocols are used because hey are
often more efficient, as the data being transmitted
usually do not justify the extra overhead required by
connection-oriented protocols.

Syntax and Semantics

Syntax
Refers to the structure or format of the data within
the message, which includes the sequence in which
the data are sent.
Semantics
Refers to the meaning of each section of data.