Engineering

Management

Systems Engineering
Management

MSE607B
Chapter 3
System Design Requirements

Learning Objectives

Cover the design requirements through the

development of specifications
Review some of the details as they pertain to
individual design disciplines
Introduction to a select sample of disciplines
Importance of design integration through
application of system engineering methods

A Systems Engineer

A big picture person

Focuses on stakeholder objectives

Takes Broad perspective
Nothing left out, detail oriented
Considers all contingencies

Total System Design

Defined as:
The systematic activity necessary, beginning with
identification of the user need to the selling and
delivery of a product that will satisfy the need

Encompasses product, process, people and

organization
Evolve from initial identification of a need
Developed through the accomplishment of
feasibility analysis
Design activities are included within each of
the life cycle basic functions

Development of Design Requirements

and Design-To Criteria

Define and allocate appropriate criteria for

the system elements
Break down of the system into elements
Equipment
Software
People
Facilities
Data
Information
Specific, qualitative, quantitative

Development of
Specifications
Establish

the criteria for judging the performance of the

system
Determine whether the objectives of system are being
achieved
Criterion include:
Qualitative
Quantitative

Development of
Specifications (Contd)

Integration of System
Design Activities

Based on the specification and established

goals
Categories of engineering expertise identified
for the design and development of the system
depends on:
System nature and complexity
Size of the project
Highly dynamic, utilizing various specialties at
various times
Requires understanding, appreciation,
communications

Selected Design
Engineering Disciplines

Systems Engineering

Establishes the baseline system design

Allocates system requirements
Establishes measures of effectiveness for ranking
alternative designs
Integrates the design among the design disciplines

Selected Design
Engineering Disciplines (Contd)

Software Engineering
Reliability Engineering
Maintainability Engineering
Human Factors Engineering
Safety Engineering
Security Engineering
Manufacturing and Production Engineering
Logistics and Supportability Engineering
Disposability Engineering
Quality Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Value/Cost Engineering

Software Engineering

Is the establishment and use of sound

engineering principles to obtain
economically software that is reliable
and works on real machines

Application of a systematic, disciplined,

quantifiable approach to the development,
operation, and maintenance of software
The application of engineering to software
Best-practice processes used to create and/or
maintain software

Reliability Engineering

Systematic application of time-honored

engineering principles and techniques
throughout a product lifecycle
Is an essential component of a good Product Lifecycle
Management (PLM) program

Goal:
Evaluate the inherent reliability of a product or
process and pinpoint potential areas for reliability
improvement.
All failures cannot be eliminated from a design

Identify the most likely failures and then

Identify appropriate actions to mitigate the
effects of those failures

Maintainability Engineering

Ensure system availability at optimum Life

Cycle Cost
Key in the availability a system is its down time

Time required to bring a failed system back to operation

Normally attributed to maintenance activities

To increase system's availability minimize the

downtime

Does not happen at random

Ensure full consideration is given during the conceptual
and design phase

Assure maintainability characteristics of a

system
Implementing specific design practices
Validated through maintainability assessment
process
Utilizing both analyses and testing

Human Factors Engineering

For example
A light switch that operates a lamp across the room.
Arranging light switches so there's no mystery as to
what light they turn on is good human factors design

Human Factors takes into consideration

capabilities and limitations of the human
operator
Both physical and mental
How these should be used to guide the design of
systems with which people interact

Important when implementing mission-critical

avionics and aviation systems for military or
commercial applications

Safety Engineering

Goals
Manage the safety program
Protect valuable assets from accidental harm
Detect safety incidents
i.e., accidents and near misses

React to safety incidents

Adapt to avoid future incidents

Safety Engineering (cont.)

Objectives
Develop a safety program and document it in a safety
program plan
Monitor the status of the safety program
Assess and certify compliance of:
The endeavor to its safety program plan
Work products to their safety goals and requirements

Eliminate or mitigate hazards

Develop safety requirements
Ensure that safety risks are at an acceptable level

Safetys Role in the

Cost & Schedule Paradigm

Safety can play a significant and sometimes

contributory role in the cost and schedule
paradigm
Safetys contribution can impact the cost and
schedule both positively and negatively
The goal of any project should be to achieve
a balance in terms of cost and safety

Security Engineering

The effort to achieve and maintain optimal

security and survivability of a system
throughout its life cycle.
Protect information systems from

Corruption
Eavesdropping
Unauthorized use
General malice

Manufacturing and
Production Engineering

Functions
Analyze and plan work force utilization, space
requirements, and workflow
They Develop step-by-step methods
Design the layout of equipment and workspace
Decide when and where to use robots, computeraided design (CAD), and computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)
Recommend changes in the design of a product
Confer with management on production
capabilities, schedules, and problems
Determine product specifications

Manufacturing and
Production Engineering (cont.)

Functions
Arrange for purchase of equipment, materials, or
parts and evaluate them
Estimate production times and determine how
many workers are required
Devise racks, bins, or other containers
Design the layout of equipment and workspace
Recommend changes in the design of a product

Logistics and
Supportability Engineering

Supportability Engineering
Determine the optimum operating, support and
disposal requirement of a system or equipment over
its whole-life under given conditions

For operator
Provides the definition and cost of whole-life support
For supplier
Provides the definition and revenue from whole-life
support

Can also be applied for an individual

equipment, or product line

Disposability Engineering

What disposition assigned to items as they are

phased out of the inventory

Eliminating waste
Minimizing cost
Precluding negative impacts on the environment
Allow recycle or reuse

More important now than in the past

because
Resources become scarce
Environmental concerns increase

Quality Engineering

A set of activities to ensure quality

characteristics of a product are at the
nominal or required levels
Consists of quality assurance and quality
control
Maximize the quality of the process, system,
and the products it produces

Inspection and test planning

Data analysis
Corrective action
Interface with marketing and engineering

Environmental Engineering
Assist

with the development of :

Water distribution systems

Recycling methods
Sewage treatment plants
Other pollution prevention
Control systems in the water, air, and land
Constantly

seek new ways to reduce air

pollution and pesticides

Value/Cost Engineering

Define business and manufacturing problems

and opportunities to:
Solving problems by analyzing functions
Assessing value (cost and performance) of functions
Identify and close gaps to achieve business value

Benefits

Reduce cost for system products and components

Reduce operating and maintenance costs
Reduce processing time and material or procedures
Reduce product transition time
Improve operability of a facility and quality of a
process or product
Improve process yield, maintainability, and reliability

Interactive Workshop
Software

Engineering is:

a) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable

approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of software.
b) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of hardware.
c) Application of CAD/CAM programming
d) Application of ATE programming

Interactive Workshop
Security

Engineering is:

a) The effort to achieve and maintain optimal

security and survivability of the employees
b)The effort to achieve and maintain optimal
security and survivability of a system
throughout its life cycle
c) Has nothing to do with systems engineering
d)Both (a) and (b)

Interactive Workshop

Environmental Engineering:
a) Determine the optimum operating, support and
disposal of a system
b) Maximize the quality of the process, system, and
the products it produces
c) Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution
and pesticides
d) Constantly seek new ways to increase air
pollution and pesticides

Interactive Workshop
Integration

of system engineering activities

depends on:
a) System nature and complexity
b) The size of the project
c) System achieving design objectives
d) Both (a) and (b)

Interactive Workshop
Development

Specification and Product

Specification are:
a) Also called Type A and Type B
b)Based on Make-or-Buy decisions
c) Also called Type C and Type D
d)Developed during detail design

Summary

Certain degree of interdependence

Maintainability is based on reliability
Supportability is based on reliability and
maintainability
Safety is based on human factors
Disciplines build on each other
Communication is essential
Free exchange of design-related data

The need to integrate these activities into a total

effective engineering design effort is a major aspect
of system engineering

Homework Assignment
Chapter

3 - Textbook page 196

Answer questions 1, 3, 11, 20, 23, 29, and 33.
Use homework format provided in course
website
Read Chapter 4 - Engineering Design Methods
and Tools
Pages 201-222

Questions? Comments?