FIRE PROTECTION

SYSTEM(as per OISD-117)

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1.FIRE WATER SYSTEM
2.FOAM SYSTEM
3.EXTINGUISHER
SYSTEM
4.HALON PROTECTION
SYSTEM

1.FIRE WATER SYSTEM

FIRE WATER DESIGN FLOW
A. Pump Flow :
3 lpm/m2 of Shell Area for Distance of (R+30)m.
(R Radius of Tank on fire)
1 lpm/m2 of Shell Area of Tanks located out side the Dyke.
B. Hydrant and Monitor :
1 Monitor (144 m3/hr)
4 Hydrants (36 m3/hr) both are working simultaneously.
C. Tank wagon area and Equipment :
Tank wagon: 10 lpm/m2
Volatile Pump Area : 10 lpm/m2
Flow rate shall be designed for the largest of A or B or C.
Fire water Pressure System Shall be Designed for minimum of
7kg/cm2g

1.FIRE WATER SYSTEM MAIN

COMPONENTS
FIRE FIGHTING AGENT: FIRE WATER
1.FIRE WATER TANKS
2.FIRE WATER PUMPS
3.FIRE WATER JOCKEY PUMPS
4.FIRE WATER HYDRANTS & MONITORS

FIRE WATER TANKS

Under Ground or above Ground Storage Tanks.
Capacity: Shall be minimum of 4 hours working
Capacity of
the Fire water Pump.
Fire water supply shall be preferably from fresh
water source such as river, tube well or lake.
Where fresh water source is not easily available,
fire water supply may be sea water or other
acceptable source like treated effluents water.
Storage reservoir shall be in two equal
interconnected compartments to facilitate
cleaning and repairs. In case of steel tanks there
shall be minimum two tanks each having
50 % of required capacity.

FIRE WATER PUMP

Pump should have flooded suction.
Pump shall have 150% of rated capacity at a
Minimum of 65% of rated head.
Pump Type: Diesel Engine Driven , Each Pump
Contains Individual Fuel Storage tank for
Continuous working
of Pump for 6 hrs.
If Reliable Electricity Available 50% of Pumps shall
be Electric Motor Driven.

Standby Pump Quantity: 50% of Working

Pump(min. 1),Same
type and capacity
Location of Pump: 30m away from Process
Equipment.

PRESSURIZATION OF
HEADER
Fire water header shall be Pressurize by the
following ways:
Providing Jockey Pumps have Capacity of 3- 10%
of fire water Pump capacity. (Minimum of 180 lpm)
Providing non return valve Directly to the
fire water network from the storage tank.
Providing Hydro-Pneumatic Tank
(1/3 Air and 2/3 Water)

FIRE WATER DISTRIBUTION

PIPING

AG

300- 400
mm

Closed Loop Piping provide to Cover

multidirectional flow.

1.5 m
(Road)

1m
(Normal)

FGL

UG(For Road Crossing, Frost Condition)

PIPING
Supports : Piping shall be supported at regular
intervals not exceeding 6 meters.
Sizing : Fire water Distribution Piping Shall be Sized for
120% of the Designed flow rate.
Piping Header Should have Min. Pressure of 7 kg/cm 2g
at farthest point.
Fire water mains shall not pass through buildings or
dyked areas.
In case of underground mains the isolation valves shall
be located in RCC/brick masonary chamber.
Material: Carbon Steel as per IS: 3589(Steel Pipes for
water)
In case of saline water service the fire water main pipes
shall be cement mortar/poly glass lined internally.

FIRE WATER HYDRANTS &

MONITORS
At least one hydrant post shall be provided for
every 30 mtrs. of external wall measurement
or perimeter of battery limit in case of high
hazard areas.
For non-hazardous area, they shall be spaced
at 45 mtrs. intervals.
Hydrants shall be located at a minimum distance
of 15 mtrs. from the periphery of storage tank or
equipment under protection.
Hydrant/Monitors shall be located along road
side berms for easy accessibility.

 Double headed hydrants with two separate

landing valves on 4" standpost shall be used. All
hydrant outlets shall be situated 1.2 mtrs. above
ground level.
MATERIAL:
Stand post : Carbon Steel
Outlet valves : Gunmetal / Aluminium
/Stainless Steel / Al-Zn Alloy

MONITORS:
The location of the monitors shall not exceed 45
meters from the hazard to be protected.
Tank wagon Loading/unloading facility and Tank
Truck gantry area should be provided with
alternate water cum foam monitors
Hydrants/Monitors shall be preferably located with
branch connection.
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel / Gun Metal

2.FOAM SYSTEM
Foam : Fire fighting foam is a homogeneous mass
of tiny air or gas filled bubble of low specific
gravity, which when applied in correct manner
and in sufficient quantity, forms a compact fluid
and stable blanket which is capable of floating on
the surface of flammable liquids and preventing
atmospheric air from reaching the liquid.
FIRE FIGHTING FOAM

CHEMICAL FOAM

MECHANICAL FOAM

CHEMICAL FOAM
When two or more chemicals are added the foam
generates due to chemical reaction.
Commonly Used one:

These foams are generally used in Fire

extinguishers.

MECHANICAL FOAM
It is produced by mechanically mixing a gas or air
to a solution of foam compound (concentrate) in
water.

LOW EXPANSION FOAM

(5:1 to 15:1)*

MECHANICAL FOAM

MEDIUM EXPANSION FOAM

(51:1 to 500:1)
HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
(750:1 to 1000:1)

(* Mostly used Due to its Better Resistance to

Fire. )

LOW EXPANSION
FOAM
PROTEIN BASE FOAM
FLUORO PROTEIN FOAM:
LOW EXPANSION
FOAM

AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM

(AFFF)*
MULTIPURPOSE AFFF
FILM FORMING FLOURO PROTEIN
(FFFP)

(* Mostly used Due to its Better Compatibility

with other Fire Fighting Agents.)

Foam Fire Fighting

Foam System shall complete with,
1. adequate water supply
2.supply of foam concentrate,
3.suitable proportioning
equipment,
4.a proper piping system, and
5.discharge devices.
TYPES :
1.Fixed
2.Semi Fixed
3.Mobile

Types
1.FIXED
Fixed foam conveying system comprises of
fixed piping for water supply at adequate pressure,
foam concentrate tank, eductor, suitable
proportioning equipment for drawing foam
concentrate and making foam solution.

 2.SEMI FIXED

Semi-fixed foam system gets supply of

foam solution
through the mobile foam tender.
A fixed piping system connected to foam makers
cum vapour seal box in case of cone roof(Fixed)
tanks and foam maker and foam pourers in the
case of floating roof tanks conveys foam to the
surface of tank.

 MOBILE:

Mobile system includes foam producing

unit mounted on wheels which may be self
propelled or towed by a vehicle. These units
supply foam through monitors/foam towers to the
burning surface.
Foam pourer:
Foam makers/foam pourers shall
be located not more than 24 mtrs.
apart on the shell perimeter based on 600 mm
foam dam height.

A minimum of two foam pourers shall be

provided

Tank Dia. (M)

No. of Foam
Pourers

upto 20

>20 upto 25

>25 upto 30

>30 upto 35

>35 upto 40

>40 upto 45

>45 upto 50

10

The estimation of number of foam discharge

outlet is based on pourer capacity of 1000 lpm
at a pressure of 7 kg/cm2 g

Foam Rate
Cone Roof Tanks : 5 lpm/m2 (liquid surface area
of the tank to be protected.)

Floating Roof Tanks : 12 lpm/m2 (seal area with

foam dam height of 600 mm of the tank to be
protected)

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
-OISD 117.pdf
TYPES
1.DCP EXTINGUISHERS
2.CO2 EXTINGUISHERS
3. FOAM EXTINGUISHERS
4. WATER EXTINGUISHERS

HALON PROTECTION
SYSTEM

Halon is a liquefied gas extraordinarily effective as

fire extinguishing agent. However, due to its
ozone depleting properties, its production is
being phased out as per the Montreal Protocol.

PAINTING
.

All Equipment Related to Fire Fighting are FIRE

RED
Painted to indicate Clean Visibility .

COMMUNICATION
Adequate communication system like
telephone/Public Address System/Paging System/
intrinsically safe Walkie-talkie system should be
considered.

ACCESSORIES

Sand Scoops
Safety helmets
Water curtain nozzles
Stretcher
First Aid Box with Anti snake serum
Rubber hand gloves for electrical jobs
Explosimeter
Fire Proximity suit
Rescuscitator
Electrical siren (3 Km range)
Hand operated siren
Water jel blanket
Red/Green flag for fire drill

References:
1)OISD 117 - Fire protection facilities for petroleum
depots, terminals and pipeline installations
2)NFPA 11A - Standard for Medium and high
expansion foam systems.
3)NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of sprinkler
systems.
4) NFPA 15 - Standard for Installation of water spray
systems.
5) NFPA 20 - Standard for Installation of Centrifugal
fire pumps
6) NFPA - 2001 Standard on clean Agent Fire
Extinguishing system.
7) API 2001 - Fire Protection in Refineries