Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Friction
Friction is the force resisting the relative
motion of surfaces or material elements in
contact.
The ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the
force pressing them together is known as co-efficient of
friction ()
Ff/ N = constant ()
Ff = N
Lubrication
Lubrication is the process, or technique
employed to reduce wear on surfaces in
close proximity, and moving relative to
each another
Lubrication is effected by introducing a
substance called lubricant. The lubricant
film can be a solid, (graphite), a liquid, a
semi solid (grease) or exceptionally a gas
Objectives of Lubrication
Hydrodynamic lubrication
(Lubricant is dynamic)
At Rest
Starts to Rotate
At Running
(Mixed Lubrication)
Properties of Lubricant
Types of Lubricant
Additives
Selection of Lubricant
The selection of lubricant depend on:
Lubricant
Lubricating
system
Heat removal
Plain
bearing
Oil
Hand
Low
High
Light duty
Circulating
High
Low
Continuous
Porous
Low
Low
Low speeds
Grease
Hand
Nil
High
Light duty
Oil
Oil mist
low
Low
High cost
Oil bath
low
Low
Churning
Splash
Moderate
Low
Used in gear
box
Packed
Nil
Low
Long life
Central
Nil
Low
Convenient
Bath
Moderate
Low
Simple gear
box
High
Low
Hi-duty gears
Hand
Nil
High
Hi-duty gears
Housing filled
Nil
Low
Low speeds
Rolling bearing
Grease
Gears
Oil
Circulating
Grease
Maintenance
cost
Comments
Lubricating Methods
Oil can
Oil gun
Grease packing
Wick type
Bath type (Splash)
Circulation (pressure)
Housing
Oil cane
Grease Nipple
Grease Gun
Fill
Shaft
Oil cane
Grease Gun
Gears
Oil
Oil
Housing
Grease
Shaft
Grease Cap
Bearing
Ball bearings
Grease Packing
Circulation (pressure)
Oil filter
To various
Moving parts
Oil Filter
Relief valve
Oil Pump
Relief Valve
Sump
Coarse Filter
Oil Pump
Gaskets& Seals
Selection of seal
Seal Materials
Non-metallic materials:
Felt, rubber, asbestos, cork, plastics,
P.V.C, paper, cloth etc.,
Metallic materials:
Copper, lead, tin, plated steel, beryllium,
and often a combination of several
materials is used to make a particular seal
or gasket.
Gaskets
Gaskets are static seals used to prevent
fluids or gases passing across mating
surfaces, where there is no movement, on
a mechanical assembly
Gasket materials- cork, rubber, asbestos,
plastic and metallic materials.
Fitting gaskets
Make sure that the correct type of seal is used, particularly when
replacing a seal
Ensure that the housing shaft and seal is in good condition and free
from dirt and other foreign matter
After a short period of use inspect seal for leaks or other failures
Seals &Gaskets-Examples